Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 23

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Mendel’s Law of independent assortment holds good for genes situated on the:

A
Non-homologous chromosomes

B
Homologous chromosomes

C
Extra nuclear genetic element

D
Same chromosome

Solution

Independent assortment cannot take place in case of options (b), (c) and (d).
Question 2
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Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one effect. The phenomenon is called:

A
Multiple allelism

B
Mosaicism

C
Pleiotropy

D
Polygeny

Solution

Occasionally, a single gene may express more than one trait. This phenomenon is called pleiotropy. Sometimes, one trait will be very evident and others will be less evident, e.g., a gene for white eye in Drosophila also affect the shape of organs in male responsible for sperm storage as well as other structures.Similarly, sickle-cell anaemic individuals suffer from a number of problems, all of which are pleiotropic effects of the sickle-cell alleles. Multiple allelism is a series of three or more alternative or allelic forms of a gene, only two of which can exist in any normal diploid individual, e.g., genes of blood groups in humans. Mosaicism describes the occurrence of cells that differ in their genetic component from other cells of the body. Polygeny refers to a single characteristic that is controlled by more than two genes.
Question 3
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In a certain taxon of insects some have 17 chromosomes and the others have 18 chromosomes. The 17 and 18 chromosome-bearing organisms are:

A
Males and females, respectively

B
Females and males, respectively

C
All males

D
All females

Solution

XO type of sex determination is seen in these insects. In such cases, the males have only one X-chromosome and the females have a pair of X-chromosome.
Question 4
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The inheritance pattern of a gene over generations among humans is studied by the pedigree analysis. Character studied in the pedigree analysis is equivalent to:

A
Quantitative trait

B
Mendelian trait

C
Polygenic trait

D
Maternal trait

Solution

The pattern of inheritance of Mendelian disorders can be traced through pedigree analysis.
Question 5
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It is said that Mendel proposed that the factor controlling any character is discrete and independent. His proposition was based on the

A
Results of \(F_3\) generation of a cross.

B
Observations that the offspring of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters shows only one character without any blending.

C
Self pollination of \(F_1\) offsprings

D
Cross pollination of \(F_1\) generation with recessive parent

Solution

During dihybrid cross, Mendel observed that when two pairs of contrasting characters were selected for analysis; it was found that a particular character behaved independently from another character.
Question 6
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Two genes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are linked. In a dihybrid cross involving these two genes, the F1 heterozygote is crossed with homozygous recessive parental type (aa bb). What would be the ratio of offspring in the next generation?

A
1 : 1 : 1: 1

B
9 : 3 : 3 : 1

C
3 : 1

D
1 : 1

Solution

Two genes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are linked. In a dihybrid cross involving these two genes, the \( F_1\) heterozygote is crossed with homozygous recessive parental type (aa bb). The ratio of offspring in the next generation will be 1 : 1.
Question 7
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In the F2 generation of a Mendelian dihybrid cross the number of phenotypes and genotypes are:

A
Phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 16

B
Phenotypes - 9; genotypes - 4

C
Phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 8

D
Phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 9

Solution

Let us take example of dihybrid cross between round yellow (RRYY) and wrinkled green (rryy). In \(F_2\) generation there were four Phenotypes: round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow and wrinkled green. The genotypes were; RRYY, RRYy, RRyy, RrYY, RrYy, Rryy, rrYY, rrYy and rryy.
Question 8
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Mother and father of a person with ‘O’ blood group have ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively. What would be the genotype of both mother and father?

A
Mother is homozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is heterozygous for ‘B’

B
Mother is heterozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is homozygous for ‘B’

C
Both mother and father are heterozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively

D
Both mother and father are homozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively

Solution

Possible genotype of parents are; \(I^Ai\) (A blood group) and \(I^Bi\) (B blood group) and phenotype of offspring is ii (O blood group).
Question 9
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CHOOSE THE INCORRECT PAIR :

A
Furrowed tongue - Down's syndrome

B
Gynaecomastia - Development of breast

C
Rudimentary ovaries - Turner's syndrome

D
No masculine development - Klinefelter's syndrome

Solution

Masculine development means men like appearance which is seen in Klinefelter syndrome .so d is incorrect .
Question 10
1 / -0

One of the genes present exclusively on the X-chromosome in humans is concerned with

A
Baldnes

B
Red-green colour blindness

C
Facial hair/moustaches in males

D
Night blindness

Solution

The most common form of red-green colour blindness is an 'X chromosome-linked recession' disorder. The 'red' and 'green' genes are known to reside at the tip of the long arm of the X chromosome. Women have two copies of the X chromosome and so they have normal colour vision, even if they carry one copy of the detective gene. Men have only X-chromosome, and so will be colour blind.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 23

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 23

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Question 1

Non-homologous chromosomes

Homologous chromosomes

Extra nuclear genetic element

Same chromosome

Solution

Question 2

Multiple allelism

Mosaicism

Pleiotropy

Polygeny

Solution

Question 3

Males and females, respectively

Females and males, respectively

All males

All females

Solution

Question 4

Quantitative trait

Mendelian trait

Polygenic trait

Maternal trait

Solution

Question 5

Results of \(F_3\) generation of a cross.

Observations that the offspring of a cross made between the plants having two contrasting characters shows only one character without any blending.

Self pollination of \(F_1\) offsprings

Cross pollination of \(F_1\) generation with recessive parent

Solution

Question 6

1 : 1 : 1: 1

9 : 3 : 3 : 1

3 : 1

1 : 1

Solution

Question 7

Phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 16

Phenotypes - 9; genotypes - 4

Phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 8

Phenotypes - 4; genotypes - 9

Solution

Question 8

Mother is homozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is heterozygous for ‘B’

Mother is heterozygous for ‘A’ blood group and father is homozygous for ‘B’

Both mother and father are heterozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively

Both mother and father are homozygous for ‘A’ and ‘B’ blood group, respectively

Solution

Question 9

Furrowed tongue - Down's syndrome

Gynaecomastia - Development of breast

Rudimentary ovaries - Turner's syndrome

No masculine development - Klinefelter's syndrome

Solution

Question 10

Baldnes

Red-green colour blindness

Facial hair/moustaches in males

Night blindness

Solution

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