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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 33

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 33
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Sickle cell anaemia is due to 
    Solution
    Sickle cell anaemia is caused by defective genes. In this disease, the haemoglobin will be malformed, that is they will have sickle shape and will be inefficient in oxygen transport. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In humans, height shows a lot of variation. It is an example of 
    Solution
    Polygenic inheritance refers to inheritance of a phenotypic characteristic (trait) that is attributable to two or more genes and can be measured quantitatively. For example, human height, human skin color etc.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Who postulated the 'Chromosome Theory of Inheritance'?
    Solution
    The Boveri - Sutton chromosome theory is a fundamental unifying theory of genetics which identifies chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material. It correctly explains the mechanism underlying the laws of Mendelian inheritance by identifying chromosomes with the paired factors.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Who discovered nucleosome?
    Solution
    Kornberg discovered the nucleosome. It is tightly packed DNA with histone proteins. The nucleosome bodies are linked together by linker DNA.
    So, the correct answer is option C.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following technique is employed in human genetic counseling?
    Solution
    • Pedigrees are charts of family histories that show the phenotypes and family relationships of the individuals using symbols to represent different family members. 
    • Squares represent males, circles represent females, filled-in-symbols represent individuals who have a genetic condition, and a probandis the first affected family member that seeks medical attention. 
    • Such pedigree charts are used for human genetic counseling.

    So, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Study the given pedigree chart. Find out the inheritance pattern of disease.

    Solution
    • The pedigree chart shows the inheritance of an autosomal recessive trait, as children of normal parents are affected. This is possible only in the case of a recessive inheritance because both parents are carriers of the disease.
    • Apart from that, both male child and female child are affected in second-generation so there are higher chances that pedigree belongs to an autosomal inheritance.
    • An example of an autosomal recessive trait is phenylketonuria.

    So, the correct answer is 'Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait.'
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In the above given pedigree, assume that no outsider marrying in, carry a disease. Write the genotypes of II and III.

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The spread of genes from one breeding population to another by migration which may result in change in gene frequency is ____.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Most studies on human genetics have been made through
    Solution
    A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next, most commonly humans, show dogs and race horses.

  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Example of quantitative inheritance is
    Solution
    Quantitative inheritance is defined as inheritance of a character which is controlled by polygenes. 
    A. Human skin colour is a polygenic trait as it is controlled by genes A, B and C. Each allelic pair has a quantitative effect on the phenotypic expression.
    B. Colourblindness is a X-linked recessive trait caused by the gene located on X-chromosome.
    C. Klinefelter's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused due to abnormality in sex chromosome number. the affected individual has 47 chromosomes (47 + XXY).
    D. Alkaptonuria is an inherited metabolic disorder which occurs due to deficiency of an oxidase enzyme required for the breakdown of homogentisic acid.
    Hence, example of quantitative inheritance is colour of skin. So, the correct answer is 'Colour of skin'.
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