Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 36

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Question 1
1 / -0

Chromosome theory of sex determination was propounded by

A
Bridges

B
Balbiani

C
Goldschmidt

D
None of the above

Solution

Clarence E. McClung, American zoologist whose study of the mechanisms of heredity led to his 1901 hypothesis that an extra, or accessory, chromosome was the determiner of sex. The discovery of the sex-determining chromosome provided some of the earliest evidence that a given chromosome carries a definable set of heredity traits.
Question 2
1 / -0

Study the statements given below.
X: In humans, the gamete contributed by the male determines whether the child produced will be male or female.
Y: Sex in humans is a polygenic trait depending upon a cumulative effect of some genes on X chromosome and some on Y chromosome.

A
If both X and Y are true and the Y is the correct explanation of the X.

B
If both X and Y are true but Y is not the correct explanation of the X.

C
If X is true but Y is false.

D
If both X and Y are false.

Solution

Human females have XX chromosomes and males have XY chromosomes. The sperm may contain either X or Y chromosome. The sperm is the factor in deciding the sex of the child. If the sperm carries an X chromosome, it will fuse with the egg’s X chromosome to form a female. If the sperm carries a Y chromosome, it will result in a male child. Hence the gamete contributed by the male determines whether the child produced will be male or female. The genes which interact to have an effect on the same character are called polygenic traits. No interaction takes place between the genes on the X and Y chromosome. The presence of the chromosome decides the sex of the child.
Thus the correct answer is option C.
Question 3
1 / -0

In peas, a pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). The homozygous ratio of pure tall plants to short plants in F$$_{2}$$ is

A
1 : 3

B
3 : 1

C
1 : 1

D
2 : 1

Solution

Since, the parents are homozygous tall (TT) and dwarf (tt), the progeny of F$$_1$$ generation will be hybrids (Tt). In F$$_2$$ generation, the tall and dwarf plants will be produced in 3 : 1 ratio. Out of the three tall plants, one tall plant will be homozygous tall (TT) and two tall plants will be heterozygous tall (Tt). The dwarf plant will be homozygous (tt), as dwarfness is a recessive character. Thus, the ratio between homozygous tall and homozygous dwarf will be 1 : 1.
Question 4
1 / -0

The genotype of offspring formed from Tt x tt will be ________.

A
TT and tt

B
Tt and tt

C
Only tt

D
Only TT

Solution

The heterozygous parent can produce two types of gametes one having T allele and other having t allele. However, second parent being homozygous can produce only one type of gamete having t allele. Random mixing of these gametes will produce following progeny:
Tt one half the total number of progeny.
tt one half the total number of progeny.
This cross is a typical Mendelian test cross.
Question 5
1 / -0

Which one of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance ?

A
Flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa

B
Production of male honey bee

C
Pod shape in garden pea

D
Skin colour in humans

Solution

Polygenic inheritance occurs when one character is controlled by two or more genes. Often the genes are large in quantity but small in effect. Examples of human polygenic inheritance are height, skin colour, eye colour and weight.

So, the correct answer is 'Skin colour in humans'.
Question 6
1 / -0

The Hardy-Weinburg principle cannot operate if

A
the population is very large

B
frequent mutations occur in the population

C
the population has no chance of interactions with other populations

D
free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population
Question 7
1 / -0

Given the pair of contrasting traits of the following characters in pea plant and mention if it's dominant or recessive.

Round seed

A
Dominant

B
Recessive

C
Incomplete dominant

D
None of these

Solution

Round seeds are dominant whereas wrinkled seeds are recessive.
Question 8
1 / -0

Probability of four son to a couple is

A
$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}$$

B
$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}$$

C
$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}$$

D
$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{32}$$

Solution

Probability of a son for the first time to a couple is 1/2 as probability of a daughter is 1/2. Similarly, the probability of a son for the next 3 times will be 1/2 each time. Hence, the probability of 4 sons to a couple is 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/16.
Thus, the correct answer is '1/16.'
Question 9
1 / -0

A test cross is done to find out

A
The genotype of an individual by examining the phenotypes of its offsprings from a particular mating

B
The genotype of an individual for testing for its DNA content

C
Whether a mating is fertile

D
Whether two species can interbreed

Solution

A test cross is the cross of any individual to a homozygous recessive parent.
It may be used to establish the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype.
e.g: Genotype could be AA or Aa so crossing with aa will give us different results.
AA x aa = All Aa (All one phenotype)
Aa x aa = 1 Aa: 1 aa (half one phenotype, half other)
The appearance of the recessive phenotype in the offspring of a test cross indicates that the unknown genotype was heterozygous.
A test cross can also occur with 2 or more genes involved.
Question 10
1 / -0

The crossing of an organism with a double (homozygous) recessive in order to determine whether it is homozygous or heterozygous for a character under consideration is known as

A
Back cross

B
Test cross

C
Reciprocal cross

D
Dihybrid cross

Solution

In genetics, a test cross, first introduced by Gregor Mendel, involves the breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual, in order to determine the zygosity of the former by analyzing proportions of offspring phenotypes. Zygosity can either be heterozygous or homozygous.
Those that are heterozygous have one dominant and one recessive allele Individuals that are homozygous dominant have two dominant alleles, and those that are homozygous recessive have two recessive alleles. Hence option B is correct.

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 36

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 36

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Bridges

Balbiani

Goldschmidt

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

If both X and Y are true and the Y is the correct explanation of the X.

If both X and Y are true but Y is not the correct explanation of the X.

If X is true but Y is false.

If both X and Y are false.

Solution

Question 3

1 : 3

3 : 1

1 : 1

2 : 1

Solution

Question 4

TT and tt

Tt and tt

Only tt

Only TT

Solution

Question 5

Flower colour in Mirabilis jalapa

Production of male honey bee

Pod shape in garden pea

Skin colour in humans

Solution

Question 6

the population is very large

frequent mutations occur in the population

the population has no chance of interactions with other populations

free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population

Question 7

Dominant

Recessive

Incomplete dominant

None of these

Solution

Question 8

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{4}$$

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{8}$$

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{16}$$

$$\displaystyle \frac{1}{32}$$

Solution

Question 9

The genotype of an individual by examining the phenotypes of its offsprings from a particular mating

The genotype of an individual for testing for its DNA content

Whether a mating is fertile

Whether two species can interbreed

Solution

Question 10

Back cross

Test cross

Reciprocal cross

Dihybrid cross

Solution

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