Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 37

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Question 1
1 / -0

The presence of continuous phenotypic variation in an F$${_1}$$ generation, suggests that a character is inherited by

A
Epistasis

B
Recombination

C
Gene linkage

D
Polygenic inheritance

Solution

When one character is controlled by two or more genes, the condition is called polygenic inheritance e.g. height, skin color, eye color & weight. It differs from Mendelian inheritance where traits are determined by a single gene.
So, the correct answer is "Polygenic inheritance".
Question 2
1 / -0

Which one of the following conditions of the zygotic cell will produce a normal human female child?

A
Only heterologous X chromosome

B
One X and one Y chromosome

C
Two homologous X chromosome

D
Only one Y chromosome

Solution

The chromosome pattern in the human female is XX and that in the male is XY. Therefore, all the haploid gametes produced by the female (ova) have the sex chromosome X whereas in the male gametes (sperms) the sex chromosome could be either X or Y, hence, 50 per cent of sperms carry the X chromosome while the other 50 percent carry the Y. After fusion of the male and female gametes the zygote would carry either XX or XY depending on whether the sperm carrying X or Y fertilised the ovum. The zygote carrying XX would develop into a female baby and XY would form a male baby.
Question 3
1 / -0

Which one of the following pairs is not of a contrasting character?

A
Tall and dwarf

B
Axial and terminal

C
Green and yellow

D
Round and light

Solution

A character is a feature resulting from the interaction of a gene or genes with environment. Contrasting character difference means two organisms differing in one particular character. For example, tall and dwarf are two contrasting characters for height of plant.
Question 4
1 / -0

If the cell of an organism heterozygous for two pairs of genes represented by Xx, Zz undergoes meiosis, then the possible genotypic combination of gametes will be

A
XZ; xz; Xz; xZ

B
XZ; xz; Xz

C
Xx; Zz; Xz

D
Data incomplete

Solution

The possible combination of gametes for the heterozygous gene pairs = 2$$^n$$. Here, n = 2. Thus the maximum number of combinations = 2$$^2$$ = 4.
XZ, Xz, xZ and xz
Question 5
1 / -0

When one member of a pair of allelic genes express itself as a whole, it is a case of

A
Dominance

B
Co-dominance

C
Incomplete dominance

D
None of the above

Solution

The law of dominance states that an organism with alternate forms of a gene will express the form that is dominant.
Question 6
1 / -0

Inheritance of the skin colour in man is an example of

A
Blending inheritance

B
Pleiotropism

C
Codominance

D
Cumulative genes

Solution

Skin color in humans is controlled by 3 genes. Hence it is an example of quantitative inheritance also called polygenic inheritance in which a phenotypic trait is controlled by many genes. Such genes that control many traits are called polygenes or cumulative genes. Thus the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

A complete set of chromosomes inherited from parent to offspring is called as

A
Genome

B
Allele

C
Diploid

D
Gamete

Solution

A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism. In humans, a copy of the entire genome more than 3 billion DNA base pairs is contained in all cells that have a nucleus.
Question 8
1 / -0

What is the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of monohybrid test cross?

A
1:1

B
1:2

C
3:1

D
1:2:1

Solution

F$$_{1}$$ generation produced by monohybrid crossing --> Tt
Test cross:                   Tt                          x      tt
Gametes:    T, t    t
Offspring: Tt, tt
Phenotypic ratio:        1 : 1
Genotypic ratio:          1 : 1
So, option A is correct here.
Question 9
1 / -0

Two crosses between the same pair of genotypes or phenotypes in which the sources of the gametes are reversed in one cross, is known as

A
Test cross

B
Reciprocal cross

C
Dihybrid cross

D
Reverse cross

Solution

Reciprocal cross: A cross, with the phenotype of each sex reversed as compared with the original cross, to test the role of parental sex on inheritance pattern. A pair of crosses of the type genotype A (female) X genotype B (male) and genotype B (female) x genotype A (male).
Question 10
1 / -0

Mutations

A
Take place gradually and in small steps

B
Are all heritable and give rise to new species

C
Are subject to natural selection

D
Both B and C

Solution

Mutation is a permanent change of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements. It is subject to natural selection. It was first explained by Hugo de Vries. Germline mutation are the type of mutation that takes place in the germline cells and are heritable. Mutation lead to the evolution of new species.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 37

Result

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 37

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Epistasis

Recombination

Gene linkage

Polygenic inheritance

Solution

Question 2

Only heterologous X chromosome

One X and one Y chromosome

Two homologous X chromosome

Only one Y chromosome

Solution

Question 3

Tall and dwarf

Axial and terminal

Green and yellow

Round and light

Solution

Question 4

XZ; xz; Xz; xZ

XZ; xz; Xz

Xx; Zz; Xz

Data incomplete

Solution

Question 5

Dominance

Co-dominance

Incomplete dominance

None of the above

Solution

Question 6

Blending inheritance

Pleiotropism

Codominance

Cumulative genes

Solution

Question 7

Genome

Allele

Diploid

Gamete

Solution

Question 8

1:1

1:2

3:1

1:2:1

Solution

Question 9

Test cross

Reciprocal cross

Dihybrid cross

Reverse cross

Solution

Question 10

Take place gradually and in small steps

Are all heritable and give rise to new species

Are subject to natural selection

Both B and C

Solution

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