Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 46

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The condition of sickle cell anaemia is due to

A
Chromosomal mutation

B
Silent mutation

C
Point mutation

D
Frameshift mutation

Solution

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in Hb$$^b$$ gene, that codes the $$\beta$$-chain, causing replacement of A by T at the 17th nucleotide of the Hb$$^b$$ gene changes the codon GAG (glutamic acid) to GTG (which encodes valine). Mutation in single nucleotide base of a DNA segment is called as a point mutation. It can introduce a premature stop codon, or a nonsense codon in the transcribed mRNA (nonsense mutation) or changes a codon specifying a different amino acid (missense mutation). Thus, the mutation in Hb$$^b$$ gene is a point mutation causing a change in a codon specifying a different amino acid. The correct answer is C.
Question 2
1 / -0

In pea, yellow seed colour is dominant over green colour. Heterozygous yellow seeded plant is crossed with green seeded plant. The ratio of yellow & green seeded offspring will be

A
9 : 1

B
1 : 3

C
3 : 1

D
50 : 50

Solution

According to the question :
Parent generation : Yy (yellow) x yy (green)

Gametes
Yy -->
yy Y y
y Yy
(yellow) yy
(green)
Phenotypic ratio = 1 yellow : 1 green; thus, option D is correct answer.
Question 3
1 / -0

In a given plant, red colour (R) of fruits is dominant over white fruit (r) ; and tallness (T) is dominant over dwarfism (t). If a plant with genotype RRTt is crossed with a plant of genotype rrtt, what will be the percentage of tall plants with red fruits in the next generation?

A
100%

B
75%

C
50%

D
25%

Solution

According to question, tallness (T) is dominant over dwarfism (t) and red colour (R) is dominant over white (r) fruit colour.
Parent Generation; P$$_1$$ : RRTt x rrtt
F$$_1$$ generation :

Gametes -
RRTt
rrtt RT Rt
rt RrTt
(tall plant, red fruit)
Rrtt
(dwarf plant, red fruit)
Phenotypic ratio = 1 (tall plant, red fruit) : 1 (dwarf plant, red fruit); thus, percent of tall plant with red fruit is 50%.
Question 4
1 / -0

The offspring of AAbb $$\times$$ aaBB is crossed with aabb. The genotypic ratio of progeny will be

A
9 : 3 : 3 : 1

B
1 : 2 : 1

C
1 : 1 : 1 : 1

D
4 : 1

Solution

Parent generation : AAbb x aaBB
F$$_1$$ generation : AaBb
P$$_2$$ generation : AaBb x aabb
Gametes
AaBb -->
aabb AB Ab aB ab
ab AABb Aabb aaBb aabb
Genotypic ratio = 1 AABb : 1 Aabb : 1 aaBb : 1 aabb. Correct answer is C.
Question 5
1 / -0

How many combinations of gametes will be produced by an organism with AaBBCc genotype?

A
3

B
4

C
9

D
6

Solution

Total number of types of gamete produce by an organism is 2$$^n$$, where n is the number of heterozygous genes present.
The given genotype is heterozygous for two genes, this total possible gametes by it; 2$$^2$$ = 4. Thus, option B is correct. The gametes produced by AaBBCc are ABC, ABc, aBC and aBc.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which one of the following symbols and its representation used in human pedigree analysis, is correct?

A

B

C

D

Solution

In human pedigree analysis, full shaded symbols represent the affected individuals while the half shaded stands for carriers. Square shape stands for male individual while the circle stands for females. The unidentified sex is represented by diamond shape. Hence, option A stands for unaffected female while option B stands for unaffected male; option C stands for affected unidentified sex not for affected male. Mating between relatives is symbolized by connecting the circle and square with two horizontal lines; hence option D is correct.
Question 7
1 / -0

The first person who induced mutations by using X-rays was

A
Vries

B
Muller

C
Mendel

D
Curie

Solution

X rays had been used in clinical medicine and for experimental purposes in physics since their discovery in 1895. But their value to genetics research only became apparent when Hermann Muller, an American geneticist, employed radioactivity to produce point mutations in the fruit fly Drosophila.
Question 8
1 / -0

The disease, sickle-cell anaemia, is caused by

A
Malarial infection

B
Iron deficiency

C
Poor hygiene

D
None of the above

Solution

Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a genetic mutation that affects the normal development of haemoglobin. A genetic mutation is a permanent change in the normal pattern of genetic information inside all living cells. Abnormal haemoglobin, called haemoglobin S, causes sickle cell disease (SCD). When the haemoglobin S gene is inherited from only one parent and a normal haemoglobin gene is inherited from the other, a person will have sickle cell trait.
Question 9
1 / -0

The term chromosome was coined by

A
Johanssen

B
Waldeyer

C
Bender

D
Flemming

Solution

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz coined the term chromosome.
Chromosome name was given for the material which is visible during cell division.
Question 10
1 / -0

Sickle cell anemia is caused by

A
Complete absence of the haemoglobin gene

B
Point mutation of the haemoglobin gene

C
Increased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

D
Truncation of the haemoglobin protein

Solution

Hemoglobin has four protein subunits, two $$\alpha$$-globin and two $$\beta$$-globin. The Hb$$^b$$ gene codes the $$\beta$$ chain. A missense mutation, replacement of A by T at the 17th nucleotide of the Hb$$^b$$ gene changes the codon GAG (glutamic acid) to GTG (which encodes valine). Thus, the disease is caused by a point mutation (change in single nucleotide base) in the gene; option B is correct.
The mutations that introduce a stop codon in between the reading frame causing premature termination of protein synthesis results in truncated protein; options A and D are incorrect as there is the substitution of amino acids, no premature termination or complete suppression of haemoglobin synthesis. The mutated allele Hb$$^s$$ encodes the abnormal haemoglobin molecules which stick to one another and cause stiffness and sickle shape of red blood cells. The sickle-shaped RBCs block and damage the vital organs and tissue; they do not show an altered affinity for oxygen, option C is incorrect.

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Gametes - RRTt rrtt	RT	Rt
rt	RrTt (tall plant, red fruit)	Rrtt (dwarf plant, red fruit)

Gametes Yy --> yy	Y	y
y	Yy (yellow)	yy (green)

Gametes AaBb --> aabb	AB	Ab	aB	ab
ab	AABb	Aabb	aaBb	aabb

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 46

Result

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 46

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Question 1

Chromosomal mutation

Silent mutation

Point mutation

Frameshift mutation

Solution

Question 2

9 : 1

1 : 3

3 : 1

50 : 50

Solution

Question 3

100%

75%

50%

25%

Solution

Question 4

9 : 3 : 3 : 1

1 : 2 : 1

1 : 1 : 1 : 1

4 : 1

Solution

Question 5

3

4

9

6

Solution

Question 6

Solution

Question 7

Vries

Muller

Mendel

Curie

Solution

Question 8

Malarial infection

Iron deficiency

Poor hygiene

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

Johanssen

Waldeyer

Bender

Flemming

Solution

Question 10

Complete absence of the haemoglobin gene

Point mutation of the haemoglobin gene

Increased affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen

Truncation of the haemoglobin protein

Solution

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