Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 47

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A pure tall plant (TT) is crossed with a pure short plant (tt). The ratio of pure tall plants to pure short plants in $$F_2$$ generation will be

A
1 : 4

B
3 : 1

C
1 : 1

D
2 : 3

Solution

According to the question:
Parent generation TT (pure tall) x tt (pure dwarf)
gametes T t
$$F_1$$ generation Tt (heterozygous tall)
$$F_2$$ generation

Gametes Tt--->
Tt T t
T TT Tt
t Tt tt
$$F_2$$ Genotypic ratio =1 pure tall (TT) : 2 heterozygous tall (Tt) : 1 pure dwarf (tt); thus, the ratio of pure tall to pure short plants will be 1:1.
Question 2
1 / -0

Factors which can induce genetic mutations in organisms are called

A
Mutants

B
Mutagens

C
Mutons

D
None of the above

Solution

Mutagens are certain chemical or physical factors which change the structure or sequence of DNA. For example, U.V. rays, X-rays, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide.
A mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation.
Muton is the smallest unit of DNA at which mutation can occur, usually identified as a single pair of nucleotides.
Question 3
1 / -0

Gene pool of a population tends to remain stable if the population is large, without large scale mutations, without migration and with

A
Random mating

B
Moderate environmental changes

C
Natural selection

D
Reduction in predators

Solution

Gene pool of a population tends to remain stable if the population is large, without large scale mutations, without migration and with random mating which is defined as a population mating system in which every female gamete has an equal opportunity to be fertilized by every male gamete.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
1 / -0

Transfer of genes from one gene pool to another is

A
Genetic drift

B
Gene flow

C
Speciation

D
Mutation
Solution
- Gene flow is the transfer of alleles from one population to another population due to the migration of individuals or gametes.
- This variable flow of individuals in and out of the group not only changes the gene structure of the population but can also introduce new genetic variation to populations in different geological locations and habitats.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
1 / -0

A nutritionally wild type organism which does not require additional biochemicals is

A
Prototroph

B
Auxotroph

C
Phenotype

D
Holotype

Solution

The wild type cells that are capable of utilizing certain nutrients or synthesizing certain compounds and do not require any additional organic nutrients as growth supplements are called prototrophs. Option A is correct.
Auxotrophs are the mutant cells that are incapable of utilizing certain nutrients or synthesizing certain compounds and hence they can grow on minimal media plus the specific growth supplement for which they are mutant. Option B is incorrect. For example, a wild type bacteria capable of utilizing lactose as a nutrient source is prototroph (lac+) while its auxotroph would be unable to utilize lactose is denoted lac-.
The phenotype is the visible expression of the genotype of an organism. For example "TT" is the genotype and tallness is the associated phenotype. Option C is incorrect.
The holotype is the specimen that represents the whole species or designated as the type specimen of the species. Option D is incorrect.
Question 6
1 / -0

Hemophilia, a human disease, is caused by

A
Viral infection

B
Fungal infection

C
Mutant gene

D
Bacterial infection

Solution

Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process. People with this condition experience prolonged bleeding or oozing following an injury, surgery or having a tooth pulled. The major types of this condition are haemophilia A (also known as classic haemophilia or factor VIII deficiency) and haemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease or factor IX deficiency).
Changes in the F8 gene are responsible for haemophilia A, while mutations in the F9 gene cause haemophilia B. Mutations in the F8 or F9 gene lead to the production of an abnormal version of coagulation factor VIII or coagulation factor IX or reduce the amount of one of these proteins. The altered or missing protein cannot participate effectively in the blood clotting process. As a result, blood clots cannot form properly in response to injury.
Question 7
1 / -0

The word chromosome was given by

A
Johannsen

B
Waldeyer

C
Benda

D
Flemming

Solution

Johannsen coined the term phenotype and genotype and conducted his pure line experiment in genetics.
Waldeyer used the term chromosome to describe certain structures that form during the process of cell division.
Benda coined the term mitochondria to describe their tendency to form long chains.
Flemming coined the term chromatin and mitosis, and also described the threadlike structure in the cell nucleus that was later named chromosome.
So, the correct option is 'Waldeyer'.
Question 8
1 / -0

The sex of a child is determined by the _________

A
Chromosome of the father

B
Chromosome of the mother

C
Rh factor of the parents

D
Blood group of the father

Solution

Human males have a XY genotype and form two types of sperms carrying either X or Y sex chromosomes. A zygote formed by fusion of sperm with X and an egg cell results in a female child, whereas the fusion of a Y sperm leads to a male child.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following is an example of a point mutation?

A
Typhoid fever

B
Night blindness

C
Sickle cell anaemia

D
Down's syndrome

Solution

A mutation is a type of mutation in which only one or few nucleotides are changed in a gene sequence. Sickle-cell anaemia is caused by a point mutation in the β-globin chain of haemoglobin. As a result, the hydrophilic amino acid, glutamic acid is replaced with the hydrophobic amino acid, valine at the sixth position.
Typhoid fever is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi or Salmonella paratyphi.
Night blindness is caused by vitamin A deficiency.
Down's syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality called as trisomy 21 in which an extra copy of the chromosome 21 is present.
Hence, the correct answer is the option C.
Question 10
1 / -0

Mutations are usually induced by

A
Gamma rays

B
Alpha rays

C
Beta rays

D
Visible light

Solution

Mutations are usually induced by gamma rays. If a gamma ray hits a DNA strand, then it breaks the double strands of DNA. Normally, DNA can repair most radiation damage, but If there is a lot of damage, then the cell will not be able to divide properly and will die. Alpha, beta, and visible light can not induce mutations. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

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Gametes Tt---> Tt	T	t
T	TT	Tt
t	Tt	tt

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 47

Result

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 47

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

1 : 4

3 : 1

1 : 1

2 : 3

Solution

Question 2

Mutants

Mutagens

Mutons

None of the above

Solution

Question 3

Random mating

Moderate environmental changes

Natural selection

Reduction in predators

Solution

Question 4

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Speciation

Mutation

Solution

Question 5

Prototroph

Auxotroph

Phenotype

Holotype

Solution

Question 6

Viral infection

Fungal infection

Mutant gene

Bacterial infection

Solution

Question 7

Johannsen

Waldeyer

Benda

Flemming

Solution

Question 8

Chromosome of the father

Chromosome of the mother

Rh factor of the parents

Blood group of the father

Solution

Question 9

Typhoid fever

Night blindness

Sickle cell anaemia

Down's syndrome

Solution

Question 10

Gamma rays

Alpha rays

Beta rays

Visible light

Solution

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