Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 49

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following shows the sex chromosomes in the body cells and in the sex cells in a female?

A
Body cells- XX, Sex cells- all X

B
Body cells- XX, Sex cells- all XX

C
Body cells- XY, Sex cells- X or Y

D
Body cells- XY, Sex cells- all XY

Solution

Option a is the right answer. Each person normally has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell. Female have two X chromosomes, while male have one X and one Y chromosomes. Reproductive cell i.e. the sex cell contains half the no. of total chromosomes in the organism thus the sex chromosome also halves.
Question 2
1 / -0

The monohybrid genotypic ratio is

A
1 : 1

B
3 : 1

C
1 : 2 : 1

D
9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Solution

Monohybrid cross refers to inheritance of single contrasting trait by two parents at a time. For example, a cross of tall (T) and dwarf (t) pea plants is a monohybrid cross (TT x tt). A monohybrid cross between two pure breeding varieties obtains all dominant $$F_1$$ generation which in turn produces $$F_2$$ generation upon selfing and gives the monohybrid phenotypic ratio of 3 (dominant):1 (recessive). The monohybrid genotypic ratio is 1 homozygous tall: 2 heterozygous tall: 1 homozygous dwarf. The monohybrid $$F_1$$ produces two types of gametes and random fusion of these gametes produces total 4 combinations; 16 combinations are produced in a dihybrid ratio. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 3
1 / -0

Monohybrid cross examines ___________

A
Multiple traits

B
Dual trait

C
Single trait

D
None of these

Solution

"Mono" means "one"; this cross indicates that we are examining a single trait being crossed. Therefore, (c) is the correct answer.
Question 4
1 / -0

The ultimate source of variation is

A
Adaptability

B
Sexual variation

C
Natural selection

D
Mutation

Solution

Random mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutations are likely to be rare and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances, the new alleles can be favoured by natural selection.
Question 5
1 / -0

The visual representation of Mendelian inheritance is given by

A
Punnett square

B
Labelled diagram

C
Heterozygote table

D
Homozygote table

Solution

The Punnett square is a visual representation of Mendelian inheritance. It is a tabular representation of a summary of possible combinations of maternal alleles with paternal alleles. A cross between Yy and yy is showed in the Punett square.
Question 6
1 / -0

A normal sperm in humans possess
I. an X chromosome
II. 23 chromosomes
III. a Y chromosome

A
I only

B
II only

C
III only

D
I or III only

E
Both B and D

Solution

A human sperm cell is haploid. Human sperm (male gamete) consist of 22 autosomes plus allosome i.e., X or Y. Eggs and sperm are gametes produced by specialized cells through the process of meiosis. Thus the correct answer is option E.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following explains about breeding animals closely related in a pedigree?

A
Inbreeding

B
Codominance

C
Linkage analysis

D
Selective breeding

E
Test crossing

Solution
Question 8
1 / -0

A polygenic inheritance in human beings is

A
Skin colour

B
Sickle cell anaemia

C
Colour blindness

D
Phenylketonuria

Solution

A polygenic trait is the one that is governed by more than one gene. Human skin colour is a polygenic trait governed by more than one gene, where dominant allele of each gene express only a part of trait and the full trait is expressed only in the presence of dominant alleles of all multiple genes. It is called as polygenic inheritance. These genes control skin pigmentation only, no other phenotypic trait is affected by these genes. This makes option A correct.
Sickle cell anaemia is the autosomal recessive disorder that is governed by two alleles of the single gene ($$Hb^b$$ and $$Hb^s$$), which makes option B wrong.
Colour blindness is an X-linked recessive disorder, which is governed by the single gene (X$$^{c}$$) which makes option C wrong.
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder, which is also governed by a single gene.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following generations of a monohybrid cross shows that all the individuals are same?

A
Parental

B
F$$_1$$

C
F$$_2$$

D
F$$_3$$

E
F$$_4$$

Solution

A cross between two pea plants which differ in one specific character is called monohybrid cross. If we consider the two homozygous tall and dwarf parent plants are crossed, the genotypes are TT and tt respectively.
When TT and tt are crossed, the gametes are T, T and t, t respectively. The progeny will have the genotype Tt and show tall phenotype. This shows that all the individuals are same in the F$$_1$$ generation.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'F$$_1$$'.
Question 10
1 / -0

When two individual of $$F_1$$ generation are crossed with each other the phenomenon is called___

A
Test cross

B
Back cross

C
Self cross

D
None of the above

Solution

The individuals obtained after crossing parental generation is called first filial generation. When these are self crossed the next generation obtained is called second filial generation.

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 49

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 49

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Body cells- XX, Sex cells- all X

Body cells- XX, Sex cells- all XX

Body cells- XY, Sex cells- X or Y

Body cells- XY, Sex cells- all XY

Solution

Question 2

1 : 1

3 : 1

1 : 2 : 1

9 : 3 : 3 : 1

Solution

Question 3

Multiple traits

Dual trait

Single trait

None of these

Solution

Question 4

Adaptability

Sexual variation

Natural selection

Mutation

Solution

Question 5

Punnett square

Labelled diagram

Heterozygote table

Homozygote table

Solution

Question 6

I only

II only

III only

I or III only

Both B and D

Solution

Question 7

Inbreeding

Codominance

Linkage analysis

Selective breeding

Test crossing

Solution

Question 8

Skin colour

Sickle cell anaemia

Colour blindness

Phenylketonuria

Solution

Question 9

Parental

F$$_1$$

F$$_2$$

F$$_3$$

F$$_4$$

Solution

Question 10

Test cross

Back cross

Self cross

None of the above

Solution

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