Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 50

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Question 1
1 / -0

When one gene is responsible for affecting more than one characteristics, the phenomenon is known as

A
Epistasis

B
Dominance

C
Segregation

D
Pleiotropy

E
Independent assortment

Solution

Though Mendel through his experiments showcased inheritance of a trait as genetic, some traits results from the combined effect of more than one pair of genes. Contrary to this, a single gene may also be responsible for a variety of traits. This phenomenon is called pleiotropy.
Question 2
1 / -0

Assume that blue flowered plant is dominant character over the white. When a blue flowered plant is crossed with its white flowered plant, the progeny showed 50% of plants with blue flowers is with white flowers. The genotypes of blue and white parents respectively are

A
bb, bb

B
BB, Bb

C
BB, bb

D
Bb, bb

Solution

According to the question, the blue flower color is dominant over white flowers. Option A is incorrect as the blue flowering plants will have atleast one copy of dominant allele “B” to exhibit the “blue flower” phenotype.
Option B is incorrect as the presence of a single copy of dominant allele “B” would mask the expression of recessive allele ‘b”; hence the white flowering plants in parent generation will have two copies of recessive allele “b” which makes its genotype “bb”. A homozygous dominant (BB) and homozygous recessive parent (bb) plants would produce all blue flowered progeny. Therefore, the genotype of dominant parent would be “Bb”. This makes option D the correct answer.
Question 3
1 / -0

The inheritance of sex chromosomes in human can be described by the fact that:

A
The gametes from each parent have either an X or a Y chromosome.

B
The gamete from the mother has either an X or Y chromosomes.

C
The gamete from the father has either an X or a Y chromosome.

D
The gamete from the father only has an X chromosome.

E
The gamete from the mother has only a Y chromosome

Solution

A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. The XX/XY sex-determination system is the most familiar and it is also found in humans. Human beings have 23 pairs of chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Females producing ova are similar in their chromosome type (22+X), on the other hand males producing sperms have either (22+X) or (22+Y) type. Sex of the offspring is determined at the time of fertilization. Fertilization of ova (22+X) with sperm type (22+X) will produce a female child whereas fertilization of ova with sperm type (22+Y) will produce a male child. Therefore, inheritance of sex chromosomes in human can be described by the fact that the gamete from the father has either an X or a Y chromosome. Hence, option C is correct.
Question 4
1 / -0

An experiment was performed to test the ability of one wild type and four mutant strains of E.coli bacteria to grow in either minimal media or media that was supplemented with various amino acids.

Supplement None Arginine
Wild-type $$+$$ $$+$$
Strain 1 $$-$$ $$+$$
Strain 2 $$-$$ $$-$$
Strain 3 $$-$$ $$-$$
Strain 4 $$+$$ $$+$$

Supplement Threonine Histidine
Wild-type $$+$$ $$+$$
Strain 1 $$-$$ $$-$$
Strain 2 $$+$$ $$-$$
Strain 3 $$-$$ $$+$$
Strain 4 $$+$$ $$+$$
A $$\left(+\right)$$ sign indicates growth and a $$\left(-\right)$$ sign indicates no growth.
One of the following is true for strain 2:

A
Cannot produce arginine

B
Cannot produce threonine

C
Cannot produce histidine

D
Cannot produce glycine

E
Can produce all amino acids
Question 5
1 / -0

In albinism, the absence of which pigment makes the skin and hair light coloured?

A
Melanin

B
Carotene

C
Haemoglobin

D
Chlorophyll

Solution

Albinism is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the mutation in the gene responsible for melanin production.
Carotene is a photosynthetic pigment.
Haemoglobin is the pigment of RBCs that serves as the carrier of oxygen and imparts the red colour to blood.
Chlorophyll is the green coloured pigment of plants and is absent in animals.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following is true for the inheritance of sex chromosomes in humans?

A
The gametes from each parent have either an X or a Y chromosome.

B
The gamete from the mother has either an X or a Y chromosome.

C
The gamete from the father has either an X or a Y chromosome.

D
The gamete from the father only has an X chromosome.

E
The gamete from the mother only has a Y chromosome.

Solution

Human follows XX-XY mechanism of sex determination wherein females have XX and males have XY sex chromosomes. During meiosis, all the gametes produced by females contain only the X chromosome (22 A + X), whereas males produce two kinds of gametes, 1/2 gametes with X- and 1/2 with Y-chromosome (22 A + X and 22 A + Y). Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 7
1 / -0

The position of an altered amino acid sequence in a protein and position of a mutation in a gene are

A
Not related

B
Inversely related

C
Related in bacteria but not in mammals

D
Species-dependent

E
In the same relative position

Solution

The nucleotide sequence of a gene determines the amino acid sequence of proteins. Any mutation in a nucleotide sequence of gene alters the amino acid encoded by it and hence, these two occupy the same relative position. The process of flow of genetic information from DNA to protein is universal to all living organisms and is not species dependent. Thus, the correct answer is option E.
Question 8
1 / -0

Most mutations are the result of

A
Certain chemicals

B
Random events

C
X-rays

D
Ultraviolet radiation

E
All of the above

Solution

Mutation is a natural process that changes a DNA sequence. Thus, it called as sudden inheritable changes. Mutation is not always harmful it has some beneficial effects also. Mutation is not a continuous process but a random process. Mutation is caused by the agent is called as mutagens which include chemicals, oncogenic virus, radiations like UV and X-rays. Thus, the correct answer is option E.
Question 9
1 / -0

Choose the correct statement about tetraploid individual.

A
One copy of each chromosome

B
Two copies of each chromosome

C
Four copies of each chromosome

D
Two copies of a single chromosome

E
Four copies of a single chromosome

Solution

Organisms having one copy of each chromosome are called haploids while those having two copies of each chromosome are diploids. The presence of one chromosome in three copies is termed as trisomy and four copies of a single chromosome are termed as tetrasomy. Individual having four complete set of chromosomes (four copies of each chromosome) is tetraploid. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 10
1 / -0

All of the following cause extinction except

A
Introduction of a new predator

B
Introduction of a new parasite

C
Introduction of a new mutation

D
Interspecific competition for limited resources

E
Habitat destruction

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 50

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 50

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Epistasis

Dominance

Segregation

Pleiotropy

Independent assortment

Solution

Question 2

bb, bb

BB, Bb

BB, bb

Bb, bb

Solution

Question 3

The gametes from each parent have either an X or a Y chromosome.

The gamete from the mother has either an X or Y chromosomes.

The gamete from the father has either an X or a Y chromosome.

The gamete from the father only has an X chromosome.

The gamete from the mother has only a Y chromosome

Solution

Question 4

Cannot produce arginine

Cannot produce threonine

Cannot produce histidine

Cannot produce glycine

Can produce all amino acids

Question 5

Melanin

Carotene

Haemoglobin

Chlorophyll

Solution

Question 6

The gametes from each parent have either an X or a Y chromosome.

The gamete from the mother has either an X or a Y chromosome.

The gamete from the father has either an X or a Y chromosome.

The gamete from the father only has an X chromosome.

The gamete from the mother only has a Y chromosome.

Solution

Question 7

Not related

Inversely related

Related in bacteria but not in mammals

Species-dependent

In the same relative position

Solution

Question 8

Certain chemicals

Random events

X-rays

Ultraviolet radiation

All of the above

Solution

Question 9

One copy of each chromosome

Two copies of each chromosome

Four copies of each chromosome

Two copies of a single chromosome

Four copies of a single chromosome

Solution

Question 10

Introduction of a new predator

Introduction of a new parasite

Introduction of a new mutation

Interspecific competition for limited resources

Habitat destruction

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