Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 56

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Question 1
1 / -0

The term chromosome was introduced by

A
Strasburger

B
Benda

C
Waldeyer

D
Hofmeister
Solution
Chromosomes are a thread-like structure which contains DNA and proteins that are found in the nucleus of most living cells and they carry the genetic information in the form of genes.
The word chromosome is derived from the Greek word chroma meaning "colour" and soma meaning "body".
They are highly staining bodies when stained with particular dyes.
The term was coined by von Waldeyer-Hartz in relation to the term chromatin which was introduced by Walther Flemming.
So, the correct answer is 'Waldeyer'.
Question 2
1 / -0

In humans, sex is determined by

A
Y-chromosome

B
X-chromosome

C
A and X-chromosome

D
A and Y-chromosome

Solution

In the XY sex-determination system, the female-provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male-provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female (XX) or male (XY) offspring, respectively.

So, the correct answer is 'Y-chromosome'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Muller was awarded Nobel prize in $$1946$$ for his work on

A
Protein synthesis

B
Chemistry of nucleic acids

C
Cancer

D
X-ray induced mutations

Solution

Hermann Joseph Muller studied the effects of x-ray radiation on genetic material in the US during the twentieth century. At that time, scientists had yet to determine the dangers that x-rays presented. In 1927, Muller demonstrated that x-rays, a form of high-energy radiation, can mutate the structure of genetic material. Muller showed that radiation, even in small doses, leads to genetic mutations primarily in germ cells, cells which give rise to sperm and egg cells.
In 1946, he received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his lifetime work involving radiation and genetic mutation.

So, the correct answer is 'X-ray induced mutations'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Chromosomes connected with sex determination are

A
Autosomes

B
Heterosomes

C
Oxysomes

D
B-chromosomes

Solution

1) Autosomes: any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
2) Heterosomes: chromosomes of dissimilar appearance that determine sex in some diploid organisms.
3) Oxysomes: One of the small round bodies found in the folds of the cristae in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and involved in ATP synthesis.
4) B chromosomes are chromosomes which are not needed for the life of a species. They are also called 'supernumerary' or 'accessory chromosomes'. In addition to normal chromosomes (the karyotype), many species have B chromosomes. Wild populations of many animal, plant, and fungi species have B chromosomes.

So, the correct answer is 'Heterosomes'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Plant in which chromosomal basis of sex determination was discovered first is?

A
Rumex

B
Melandrium

C
Coccinia

D
Sphaerocarpus

Solution

Melandrium album shows sex chromosomal sex determination. They have X and Y sex chromosomal constitution similar to Drosophila and Human. However, the mechanism of sex determination is quite different from the usual XX — XY system. In Melandrium album, the AAXX individuals will be females and AAXY individuals will be males.

So, the correct answer is 'Melandrium'.
Question 6
1 / -0

When a yellow mouse was crossed to another yellow mouse, the $$F_1$$ generation produces yellow and brown-black mice in the ratio 2 : 1. The yellow mice are never homozygous. The reason is

A
Homozygous yellow cannot survive due to lethal effect of genes

B
Yellow mice are not very suitable to live

C
There is no formation of zygotes with homozygous yellow constitution

D
None of the above.

Solution

In some organisms, alleles in the homozygous state are harmful to the body. It is called Lethality and the genes are called Lethal genes. Eg: body colour of mice. In mouse, body colour yellow, in dominant homozygous condition is lethal to the body. It leads to the death of the body. A mouse with a heterozygous yellow body(Yy) is crossed with another mouse with a heterozygous yellow body(Yy), 4 types of progeny are obtained, in which one mouse is killed, because of lethality and remaining three mice are survived.
So, the correct option is ‘Homozygous yellow cannot survive due to the lethal effect of genes’.
Question 7
1 / -0

In Drosophila the XXY constitution determines

A
Maleness

B
Femaleness

C
Intersex

D
Both A and C

Solution

In Drosophila, XXY leads to femaleness. Here, Y has no contributions in femaleness. Sex in Drosophila is determined by the ratio of sex chromosome (X) and autosomes.
So, the correct answer is 'Femaleness'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Mendel's laws were rediscovered by

A
Lamarck, de Vries and Correns

B
Hugo de Vries, Correns and Tschermak

C
Morgan, Beadle and Tatum

D
Hugo de Vries, Morgan and Correns

Solution

Mendel’s work(monohybrid cross & dihybrid cross) did not receive any recognition, remained unnoticed, and unappreciated for several years due to the following reasons:

Communication was not easy in those days and his work could not be widely publicized.

His concept of stable, unblending and discrete units or factors for various traits did not find acceptance from the contemporaries.

His approach of using mathematics and statistical analysis to explain biological phenomena was totally new and unacceptable to many biologists. He could not provide any physical proof for the existence of factors. In 1900, three scientists Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermark, worked independently on Mendel’s work, proved whatever explained by Mendel on inheritance is true. It is called Rediscovery of Mendel’s laws.
So, the correct answer is 'Hugo de Vries, Correns and Tschermak'.
Question 9
1 / -0

The word 'Chromosome' was coined by

A
Benda

B
Waldeyer

C
Robert Hooke

D
T.H. Morgan

Solution

The word chromosome comes from the Greek words 'chroma' for colour and 'soma' for body, describing their strong staining by particular dyes. The term was coined by von Waldeyer-Hartz.
So, the correct option is 'Waldeyer'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Sex of a child is due to

A
Size of ovum

B
Health of father

C
Sex chromosome of father/ sperm

D
Sex chromosome of mother/ ovum

Solution

In the XY sex-determination system, the female-provided ovum contributes an X chromosome and the male-provided sperm contributes either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome, resulting in female (XX) or male (XY) offspring, respectively.
So, the correct answer is 'Sex chromosome of father/ sperm'.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 56

Result

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 56

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Strasburger

Benda

Waldeyer

Hofmeister

Solution

Question 2

Y-chromosome

X-chromosome

A and X-chromosome

A and Y-chromosome

Solution

Question 3

Protein synthesis

Chemistry of nucleic acids

Cancer

X-ray induced mutations

Solution

Question 4

Autosomes

Heterosomes

Oxysomes

B-chromosomes

Solution

Question 5

Rumex

Melandrium

Coccinia

Sphaerocarpus

Solution

Question 6

Homozygous yellow cannot survive due to lethal effect of genes

Yellow mice are not very suitable to live

There is no formation of zygotes with homozygous yellow constitution

None of the above.

Solution

Question 7

Maleness

Femaleness

Intersex

Both A and C

Solution

Question 8

Lamarck, de Vries and Correns

Hugo de Vries, Correns and Tschermak

Morgan, Beadle and Tatum

Hugo de Vries, Morgan and Correns

Solution

Question 9

Benda

Waldeyer

Robert Hooke

T.H. Morgan

Solution

Question 10

Size of ovum

Health of father

Sex chromosome of father/ sperm

Sex chromosome of mother/ ovum

Solution

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