Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 57

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Question 1
1 / -0

Mutations are commonly.

A
Dominant

B
Codominant

C
Recessive

D
Incomplete

Solution

A recessive mutation is one in which both alleles must be mutant in order for the mutant phenotype to be observed; that is, the individual must be homozygous for the mutant allele to show the mutant phenotype. In contrast, the phenotypic consequences of a dominant mutation are observed in a heterozygous individual carrying one mutant and one normal allele
Recessive mutations inactivate the affected gene and lead to a loss of function. For instance, recessive mutations may remove part of or all the gene from the chromosome, disrupt expression of the gene, or alter the structure of the encoded protein, thereby altering its function. Conversely, dominant mutations often lead to a gain of function. For example, dominant mutations may increase the activity of a given gene product, confer a new activity on the gene product, or lead to its inappropriate spatial and temporal expression. Dominant mutations, however, may be associated with a loss of function. In some cases, two copies of a gene are required for normal function, so that removing a single copy leads to mutant phenotype.

So, the correct answer is 'Recessive'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Opal is

A
UGA

B
UAG

C
UAA

D
UUU
Question 3
1 / -0

An example of the quantitative trait in man is

A
Hair colour

B
Colour of eye

C
Skin colour

D
Shape of nose.

Solution

Inheritance of a character due to the presence of more than one genes is called Quantitative inheritance or polygenic inheritance. In this, dominant alleles have a cumulative effect. Genes involved in this are called Polygenes.
Eg: skin colour of man – The presence of melanin pigment in the skin determines the skin colour. The amount of melanin developing in the individual is determined, by three pairs of genes. These genes are present at three different loci and each dominant gene is responsible for the synthesis of a fixed amount of melanin.
Question 4
1 / -0

Mendel was successful in formulating the laws of inheritance whereas his predecessors were not because

A
He studied one clear-cut character at a time

B
The characters studied by him were present on separate chromosomes

C
Of the right choice of material

D
He kept accurate records of his experiments

Solution

Mendel was successful in formulating the laws of inheritance whereas his predecessors were not because of the following reasons.

He selected only pure breeding varieties of pea for his experiments.

He took one or two characters at one time while his predecessor often studied all the traits simultaneously.

He formulated theoretical explanations for interpreting his results.

He used statistical methods and law of probability for analyzing results, etc.,
So, the correct explanation is ‘He studied one clear-cut character at a time’.
Question 5
1 / -0

If an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it is referred as

A
DNA polymorphism

B
Expressed sequence tag

C
Sequence annonation

D
Linkage

E
Triplet codon
Question 6
1 / -0

A dihybrid ratio of 1 : 4 : 8 : 4 : 1 is obtained instead of 9 : 3 : 3 : 1. This is an example of

A
Complementary genes

B
Supplementary genes

C
Polygenic inheritance

D
Pleiotropic genes

Solution

A.Complementary genes – Two genes present on separate loci that interact together to produce dominant phenotypic character; neither of them if present alone can express itself are called complementary genes. Due to these genes in the F₂ generation, 9:7 ratio of progeny are obtained. It is a modified Mendel dihybrid ratio.

B.Supplementary genes – A pair of non allelic genes, one of which produces its effect independently in the dominant state while the dominant allele of the second gene is without any independent effect but is able to modify the effect of the former to produce to a new trait are called Supplementary genes. Due to these genes in the F₂ generation, 9:3:4 ratio of progeny are obtained. It is a modified Mendel dihybrid ratio

C.Polygenic inheritance - Inheritance of a character due to the presence of more than one genes is called Quantitative inheritance or polygenic inheritance. In this, dominant alleles have cumulative effect. Genes involved in this are called Polygenes. In this type, in the F₂ generation 1:4:8:4:1 dihybrid ratio is obtained instead of Mendel dihybrid ratio.

D.Pleiotropic genes - The ability of a gene to produce more than one phenotype in an organism is called Pleoitrophy and the genes are called Pleiotripic genes. It is not essential that the traits are equally influenced. Sometimes, the effect of the gene is more evident in case of one trait and less evident in case of another trait.
So, the correct option is ‘Polygenic inheritance’.
Question 7
1 / -0

A pleiotropic gene is one which

A
Affects one character

B
Affects more than one character

C
Supplements the effect of another gene

D
Requires another gene for expression

Solution

The ability of a gene to produce more than one phenotype in an organism is called Pleoitrophy and the genes are called Pleiotripic genes. It is not essential that the traits are equally influenced. Sometimes, the effect of the gene is more evident in case of one trait and less evident in case of another trait.
Example,gene controlling metabolism of phenylalanine
So, the correct option is ‘Affects more than one character’.
Question 8
1 / -0

The genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross will be

A
3 : 1

B
1 : 1

C
1 : 2 : 1

D
2 : 1

Solution

A. 3:1 – Monohybrid phenotypic ratio

B. 1:1 – Monohybrid test cross ratio

C. 1:2:1 – Monohybrid genotypic ratio

D.2:1 – dihybrid leathal gene ratio
So, the correct option is ‘1:2:1’.
Question 9
1 / -0

What is wrong about mutation

A
Deletion and insertion of base pairs cause frameshift

B
Change in a single base of DNA that does not cause mutation

C
Cancer cells show chromosomal aberrations

D
UV and gamma rays are mutagens
Question 10
1 / -0

A gene that shows its effect on more than one character is

A
Polygene

B
Pleiotropic gene

C
Multifactor gene

D
Multiple gene.

Solution

The ability of a gene to produce more than one phenotype in an organism is called Pleoitrophy and the genes are called Pleiotripic genes. It is not essential that the traits are equally influenced. Sometimes, the effect of the gene is more evident in case of one trait and less evident in case of another trait.
So, the correct option is ‘Pleiotropic gene’.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 57

Result

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 57

Score

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Rank

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Dominant

Codominant

Recessive

Incomplete

Solution

Question 2

UGA

UAG

UAA

UUU

Question 3

Hair colour

Colour of eye

Skin colour

Shape of nose.

Solution

Question 4

He studied one clear-cut character at a time

The characters studied by him were present on separate chromosomes

Of the right choice of material

He kept accurate records of his experiments

Solution

Question 5

DNA polymorphism

Expressed sequence tag

Sequence annonation

Linkage

Triplet codon

Question 6

Complementary genes

Supplementary genes

Polygenic inheritance

Pleiotropic genes

Solution

Question 7

Affects one character

Affects more than one character

Supplements the effect of another gene

Requires another gene for expression

Solution

Question 8

3 : 1

1 : 1

1 : 2 : 1

2 : 1

Solution

Question 9

Deletion and insertion of base pairs cause frameshift

Change in a single base of DNA that does not cause mutation

Cancer cells show chromosomal aberrations

UV and gamma rays are mutagens

Question 10

Polygene

Pleiotropic gene

Multifactor gene

Multiple gene.

Solution

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