Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 63

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Question 1
1 / -0

Given below is a pedigree chart with symbols for sex-linked trait in humans. The trait of the pedigree chart is?

A
Recessive Y-linked

B
Recessive X-linked

C
Dominant Y-linked

D
Dominant X-linked

Solution

The trait traced in the given pedigree is dominant X-linked. As seen in the figure (given in the question), in first generation male is affected, but female is not affected i.e. female carries normal chromosomes but in generation 2 both females are affected, but none of the male are affected. Fig. shows that inspite of carrying single X linked trait, they are affected, i.e. the trait is dominant. Likewise in the third generation when X linked trait are again crossed with a normal male, then, both male and female offspring carrying single X linked trait are affected. Thus we can say that the trait is dominant X-linked.
So, the correct answer is 'Dominant X-linked'.
Question 2
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A pleiotropic gene in humans is

A
Marfan's syndrome

B
Colour blindness

C
Eye colour

D
Height

Solution

Mutations in the human gene for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) in the Marfan syndrome and related disorders. Mutations in FBN1 produce Marfan syndrome, a pleiotropic autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder with prominent manifestations in the skeleton, eye and cardiovascular system.
So, the correct information is 'Marfan's syndrome.'
Question 3
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Blackening of exposed urine is a metabolic disorder due to

A
Phenylalanine

B
Tyrosine

C
Homogentisic acid

D
Valine replacing glutamic acid

E
Glutamic acid replacing valine

Solution

Homogentisic acid and its oxidized form alkapton are excreted in the urine, giving it an unusually dark color. The accumulating homogentisic acid causes damage to cartilage (ochronosis, leading to osteoarthritis) and heart valves, as well as precipitating as kidney stones and stones in other organs.
So, the correct answer is 'Homogentisic acid'.
Question 4
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Number of genetic disorders in human beings is

A
300

B
3000

C
100

D
150

Solution

A person who has one defective and one functioning version of such a gene, known as a carrier, suffers little or no ill effects. But each child of two carriers has a one in four chance of inheriting two defective genes and suffering from the disease. Over 3,000 single-gene, or monogenic, diseases have been identified.
So, the correct answer is '3000.'
Question 5
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A pleiotropic in Drosophila is that of

A
Red-white eye

B
Bar eye

C
Vestigial gene

D
Forked bristles.
Question 6
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In a pedigree analysis $$\square = O$$ represents.

A
Consanguineous mating

B
Affected parents

C
Siblings

D
Unrelated mating

Solution

Consanguineous matings are those between related individuals (those that share a common ancestor) and are indicated by double lines between pedigree symbols. The relatedness (r) of two individuals is the fraction of alleles they share at all loci.

So, the correct answer is 'Consanguineous mating'.
Question 7
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The technique employed in human genetic counselling is?

A
Serological technique

B
Polyploidy

C
Pedigree analysis

D
Amniocentesis

E
Genetic engineering

Solution

Genetic counseling is the process of advising individuals and families affected by or at risk of genetic disorders to help them understand and adapt to the medical, psychological and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. Pedigrees are used by genetic counselors to help families determine the risk of genetic disease and are used by research scientists in determining how traits are inherited.

So, the correct answer is 'Pedigree analysis'.
Question 8
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Select the correct statement :

A
Darwinian variations are small and directionless.

B
Mutations are random and directionless.

C
Fittness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.

D
All mammals expect whales and camels have seen servical vertebrae.
Solution
- Mutations are random changes taking place at the level nucleotide sequence in DNA. Mutation is directionless means that nobody knows if it might result in something beneficial for the organism or harmful.
- Darwinian variations are small and directional.
- Fitness means reproductive fitness in the context of evolution. Population of all organisms have variations in characteristics, which make them adapt better to the environment. Some of these characteristics enable individuals to survive better in natural conditions and reproduce. This is called survival of the fittest.
- The organisms which adapt well in the environment will be selected by nature and will survive more in nature. This is called natural selection. Adaptability is inherited and fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.
- So, the correct options are 'Mutations are random and directionless.' and 'Fitness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.'
Question 9
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Study the pedigree chart. What does it show?

A
Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait

B
Inheritance of a recessive sex-linked disease like haemophilia

C
Inheritance of sex-linked inborn error of metabolism like phenylketonuria

D
Pedigree chart is wrong as this is not possible
Solution
answer:
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
Because the apparent feature spans generations, unaffected parents have ill offspring, indicating that the trait is present in the recessive form in the parents.
If it was a dominant trait, it would have been displayed by the parents.
There are nearly equal numbers of affected males and females, indicating that the trait is not gender based; it is an autosomal trait, making choices B and C incorrect.
As a result, it is an autosomal recessive characteristic.
Because 25% of sons and 50% of daughters are affected, both parents are recessive carriers and have passed the trait on to their offspring.
Again, in the second generation, both carrier parents have passed the sickness on to their sons, implying that the pedigree is plausible.
As a result, option D is incorrect.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn metabolic mistake in which phenylalanine metabolism is hindered, resulting in an elevated blood level.
It is caused by a faulty phenylalanine hydroxylase gene, which is inherited in an autosomal recessive way.
Hence, the pedigree chart denotes inheritance of a condition like Phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait.
Question 10
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Study the pedigree chart of certain family given here and select the correct conclusion.

A
The female parent is heterozygous

B
The parents could not have had a normal daughter for this character

C
The trait under study could not be colour blindness

D
The male parent is homozygous dominant

Solution

The given pedigree chart shows that both the daughters received the gene from the parents, while son may be normal or affected. It shows that the female parent is heterozygous.

So, the correct answer is 'The female parent is heterozygous'.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 63

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 63

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Recessive Y-linked

Recessive X-linked

Dominant Y-linked

Dominant X-linked

Solution

Question 2

Marfan's syndrome

Colour blindness

Eye colour

Height

Solution

Question 3

Phenylalanine

Tyrosine

Homogentisic acid

Valine replacing glutamic acid

Glutamic acid replacing valine

Solution

Question 4

300

3000

100

150

Solution

Question 5

Red-white eye

Bar eye

Vestigial gene

Forked bristles.

Question 6

Consanguineous mating

Affected parents

Siblings

Unrelated mating

Solution

Question 7

Serological technique

Polyploidy

Pedigree analysis

Amniocentesis

Genetic engineering

Solution

Question 8

Darwinian variations are small and directionless.

Mutations are random and directionless.

Fittness is the end result of the ability to adapt and get selected by nature.

All mammals expect whales and camels have seen servical vertebrae.

Solution

Question 9

Inheritance of a condition like phenylketonuria as an autosomal recessive trait

Inheritance of a recessive sex-linked disease like haemophilia

Inheritance of sex-linked inborn error of metabolism like phenylketonuria

Pedigree chart is wrong as this is not possible

Solution

Question 10

The female parent is heterozygous

The parents could not have had a normal daughter for this character

The trait under study could not be colour blindness

The male parent is homozygous dominant

Solution

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