Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 75

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Teacher asks the student to give the best example to explain pleiotropy. The correct answer is

A
Flower colour in snapdragon

B
Seed coat colour of garden pea

C
ABO blood group system of human

D
Phenylketonuria

Solution

Pleiotropy occurs when one gene will code and control the phenotype or expression of several different and unrelated traits. Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder controlled by a mutant gene present on the 12th chromosome. This mutant gene fails to code for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase required for normal metabolism of amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine. Due to this, there is an accumulation of phenylalanine in body fluids such as blood, sweat, CSF. An abnormal breakdown product phenyl ketone is found in urine A higher level of phenylalanine and pheylketone cause severe brain damage leading to mental retardation. Thus phenylketonuria is the best example to explain pleiotropy.
So, the correct answer is 'Phenylketonuria'
Question 2
1 / -0

Select the incorrect statement regarding chromosomal theory of inheritance.

A
It was proposed by Sutton and Boveri

B
Chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material

C
Chromosomes and genes occur in pairs in diploid and haploid cells

D
The paired condition of both chromosomes as well as Mendelian factors is restored during fertilisation.

Solution

During gamete formation, both homologous chromosomes as well as genes carried by them segregate in such a way that only one of each pair is transmitted to a gamete. Hence, haploid gametes consist of only one of the chromosome or gene from the pair present before segregation.
So, the correct option is 'Chromosomes and genes occur in pairs in diploid and haploid cells'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Morgan used Drosophila as experimental material because

A
They could be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory.

B
It has a short life span

C
There was a clear differentiation of the sexes, the male and female flies are easily distinguishable.

D
All of the above
Solution
Morgan worked with the tiny fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster. He found Drosophila suitable because -
They could be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory.
They complete their life cycle in about two weeks, and a single mating could produce a large number of progeny flies.
There was a clear differentiation of the sexes, the male and female flies are easily distinguishable.
So, the correct option is 'It has a short life span'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which Genetic Disorder is this Pedigree Chart Depicting?

A
Autosomal Dominant

B
Autosomal Recessive

C
X - Linked Dominant

D
Maternal Inheritance

Solution

As we can observe from the figure that the father with autosomal dominant disorder passes it to his children.
We know that the autosomes are passed by the parents to the offspring so to carry this type of autosomal dominant disorder one should have the disease autosome.
So the correct option is 'Autosomal dominant'.
Question 5
1 / -0

A $$15: 1F_2 $$ ratio of a cross between a wheat variety with red kernels (homozygous for two dominant genes) and another with white kernels shows

A
Polygenic inheritance

B
That the two genes are complementary

C
Single factor inheritance

D
That it is a tes cross

Solution

E.Nilsson – Ehle crossed red kernelled variety with white kernelled variety of wheat. The grains of F₁ were self crossed among themselves, five different phenotypic classes appeared in F₂ showing the ratio of 1:6:15:20:15:6:1.

These scientist found that the kernel colour in wheat is determined by two pairs of genes A and B. It is called polygenic inheritance.
So, the correct option is ‘polygenic inheritance’.
Question 6
1 / -0

Multiple alleles are present

A
At different loci on the same chromosomes

B
At the same locus of the chromosomes

C
On non sister chromatids

D
On different chromosomes

Solution

Multiple alleles are present at the same locus of the chromosomes. Mutiple alleles is a condition where a gene exist in more than two allelic forms that are present on the same locus of the chromosome. A classical example of multiple alleles is found in ABO blood group system of humans. Despite the multiple alleles of any gene, an individual possess and can have only two alleles at a time.
So, the correct answer is 'At the same locus of the chromosomes'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Match the following with respect to pedigree analysis
Column - I Column II
a Solid symbol i Carrier of sex-linked trait
b The horizontal line between symbols ii Offspring
c. Horizontal line above the symbols iii Trait to be studied
d. Dot in center iv Parents

A
a (iv), b (iii), c (ii), d (i)

B
a (ii), b (iii), c (iv), d (i)

C
a (iii), b (iv), c (ii), d (i)

D
a (i), b (ii), c (iv), d (iii)

Solution

In a pedigress analysis, a series of symbols are used to represent different aspects of a pedigree. After the phenotypic data is collected over several generations, the pedigree is drawn using these symbols. This allows easy and fast analysis of a pedigree. In this, a solid symbol represents a trait to be studied. The horizontal line between symbols represents parents. Horizontal line above the symbols represent osspring. A dot in the center represents the carrier of sex-linked trait. Male is represented by a square and female is represented by a circle.
Thus, the correct answer is 'a (iii), b (iv), c (ii), d (i).'
Question 8
1 / -0

Heterogametic sex determination based on the number of sex chromosomes among the following are which of the following?

A
XX-XO and XX-XY method

B
ZO-ZZ and ZW-ZZ method

C
XX-XY and ZW-ZZ method

D
XX-XO and ZO-ZZ method
Solution
The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds. The letters Z and W are used to distinguish this system from the XY sex-determination system.
In contrast to the XY sex-determination system where the sperm determines the sex, in the ZW system, the ovum determines the sex of the offspring. Males are the homogametic sex (ZZ), while females are the heterogametic sex (ZW). In the XY system, the males are heterogametic (XY) and females are homogametic.
So the correct option is option C
Question 9
1 / -0

Predict from the following chart

A
Character is dominant and carried by X chromosome

B
Character is carried by Y chromosome

C
Character is sex linked recessive

D
Character is recessive autosomal

Solution

Representative pedigree analysis of an autosomal recessive trait (eg. sickle cell anemia) is shown in the figure. Autosome linked recessive traits are transmitted from parents to the offspring when both parents are the carrier for the gene (or heterozygous).
So the correct option is 'Character is recessive autosomal'.
Question 10
1 / -0

What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

A
1:3

B
3:1

C
1:2:2:1

D
9:3:3:1

Solution

A cross is made between two homozygous parent plants, is called monohybrid cross. In this cross F2 phenotypic ratio is 3:1 and genotypic ratio is 1:2:1.
So, the correct option is ‘3:1’.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

	Column - I		Column II
a	Solid symbol	i	Carrier of sex-linked trait
b	The horizontal line between symbols	ii	Offspring
c.	Horizontal line above the symbols	iii	Trait to be studied
d.	Dot in center	iv	Parents

Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 75

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 75

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Flower colour in snapdragon

Seed coat colour of garden pea

ABO blood group system of human

Phenylketonuria

Solution

Question 2

It was proposed by Sutton and Boveri

Chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material

Chromosomes and genes occur in pairs in diploid and haploid cells

The paired condition of both chromosomes as well as Mendelian factors is restored during fertilisation.

Solution

Question 3

They could be grown on simple synthetic medium in the laboratory.

It has a short life span

There was a clear differentiation of the sexes, the male and female flies are easily distinguishable.

All of the above

Solution

Question 4

Autosomal Dominant

Autosomal Recessive

X - Linked Dominant

Maternal Inheritance

Solution

Question 5

Polygenic inheritance

That the two genes are complementary

Single factor inheritance

That it is a tes cross

Solution

Question 6

At different loci on the same chromosomes

At the same locus of the chromosomes

On non sister chromatids

On different chromosomes

Solution

Question 7

a (iv), b (iii), c (ii), d (i)

a (ii), b (iii), c (iv), d (i)

a (iii), b (iv), c (ii), d (i)

a (i), b (ii), c (iv), d (iii)

Solution

Question 8

XX-XO and XX-XY method

ZO-ZZ and ZW-ZZ method

XX-XY and ZW-ZZ method

XX-XO and ZO-ZZ method

Solution

Question 9

Character is dominant and carried by X chromosome

Character is carried by Y chromosome

Character is sex linked recessive

Character is recessive autosomal

Solution

Question 10

1:3

3:1

1:2:2:1

9:3:3:1

Solution

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