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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 84

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Principles of Inheritance and Variation Test - 84
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Pleiotropy is the term that refers to the situation in which a gene influences more than one trait. Its example is given by
    Solution

    Pleiotropy occurs when variation at a single gene locus affects multiple aspects of the phenotype. For persons with an HbS/ HBs genotypes, medical consequences include anaemia, damage to various internal organs including the spleen and heart, and a 'tower' or 'bossed skull'.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Who discovered 'Y' chromosomes?
    Solution
    Nettie Maria Stevens was geneticist. She and Edmund Beecher Wilson were the first researchers to describe the chromosomal basis of sex. She discovered Y chromosomes.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Study the pedigree chart of a certain family given above and select the correct conclusion which can be drawn for the character.

    Solution
    To have affected progeny (affectd son and daughter) from affected male and normal female, the female should be heterozygous carrier of the trait. Since the trait is recessive, daughter can receive normal X chromosome for carrier mother and affected one from father. The resultant haterozygous daughter will be normal, though carrier. The trait under study may be colorblindness which is a X linked recessive disorder. The male parent is hemizygous recessive as human males carry one X chromosome (hemizygous) and the trait is recessive. Correct statement is A.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In Drosophila, gene for white eye mutation is also responsible for de-pigmentation of body parts. Thus a gene that controls several phenotypes is called as
    Solution
    White eye mutation in Drosophila result in depigmentation in many other parts of the body. This is an example for pleiotropic effect. It is caused by pleiotropic genes. When one gene has multiple effects it is called as pleiotropic gene.

  • Question 5
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    Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by which of the following scientists?
    Solution
    Experimental verification of the chromosomal theory of inheritance by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues, led to discovering the basis for the variation that sexual reproduction produced. Morgan worked with the tiny fruit flies, $$Drosophila$$ $$melanogaster$$ which were found very suitable for such studies.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Autosomal mutant allele Hbs causes 
    Solution
    Sickle aneamia is a disorder where the shape of haemoglobin acquires the shape of a sickle. The autosomal mutant allele for sickle cell anaemia is Hbs. The homozygous recessive gene causing sickle cell anaemia is Hbs.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?
    Solution
    Polygenic inheritance involves the interaction of more than one pair of genes to determine traits, including skin, hair and eye colour, height, weight and intelligence. In all of these examples a wide range of variation exists.

  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The concept that chromosomes contained genes was proposed by
    Solution
    Calvin Blackman Bridges was an American scientist, known for his contributions to the field of genetics. He proved that genes are carried on chromosomes. He wrote a masterful Ph.D thesis on 'Non-disjunction as proof of the chromosome theory of heredity'.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Moody describes the mutation as
    Solution
    According to Moody, mutation is a shotgun. It is an inheritable change in germplasm.
  • Question 10
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    'XY' male type can be noticed in the following organisms.
    Solution
    The XY sex-determination system is the sex-determination system found in humans, most other mammals, some insects (Drosophila), and some plants (Ginkgo). In this system, the sex of an individual is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes (gonosomes). Females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), and are called as the homogametic sex. Males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY), and are called as the heterogametic sex. This system is in contrast with the ZW sex-determination system found in birds, some insects, many reptiles, and other animals, in which the heterogametic sex is female. A temperature-dependent sex determination system is found in some reptiles.
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