Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 11

Chromosome 1 is the final one to be mapped out in Human Genome Project. The chromosome carries an estimated 3,141 genes that manufacture proteins, making it one of the most gene-rich chromosomes.

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, containing about 8% of the entire genome. That's six times longer than its smallest sibling, chromosome 21. Work on this monster started a couple of years after researchers cracked into some of the other chromosomes. It was completed on may 2006.

The International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP) began in September 1997, at a workshop held in conjunction with the International Symposium on Plant Molecular Biology in Singapore. Scientists from many nations attended the workshop and agreed to an international collaboration to sequence the rice genome.

Autoradiogram of VNTR probe gives many band of different size. It differs from individual to individual except monozygotic twins or identical twins Because MZ twins share the same genetic makeup (DNA) because they are formed from a single zygote (fertilized egg).

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international thirteen-year project that began on October 1990. It is important because it uses information from DNA to develop new ways to diagnose, treat, cure, or even prevent the thousands of diseases that afflict humankind.

YAC (Yeast artificial chromosome): It is a vector used to clone DNA fragments larger than 100 kb and up to 3000 kb. The major advantage of using artificial chromosomes such as YACs is that it can carry much larger DNA fragments than ordinary plasmids.

BAC (Bacterial artificial chromosome: It is an artificially constructed vector containing origin of replication & selectable marker for identification. It is capable of carrying large DNA fragments and can replicate easily inside a bacterial cell.

These vectors are used in human genome project for mapping or sequencing of genomes to be studied.

Rice genome sequencing is being conducted along the same lines as numerous other large-scale genome sequencing projects.

Large insert genomic libraries, used as the primary sequencing templates, are constructed in bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) or P1-derived artificial chromosomes (PACs).

Sequencing of the rice genome is being performed mainly from genomic BAC or PAC libraries created from the Nipponbare variety, which was chosen as the common template throughout the IRGSP.

The term DNA fingerprinting - or genetic fingerprinting - is applied to the scientific process whereby samples of DNA are collected, collated and used to match other samples of DNA, which may have been found at the scene of a crime.

DNA fingerprinting works on the basis that each individual's DNA structure - or genetic make-up - is unique and therefore cannot be forged, faked or altered in any way.

One of the most common DNA fingerprinting procedures is RFLP: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Special enzymes are used to cut segments of a sample from which DNA is extracted. The procedure of RFLP focuses on repetitious sequences of DNA 'bases' which vary greatly from individual to individual.

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a strand of DNA.

Genetic map up of an organism or individual lies in the DNA sequence. If two individual differs, then their DNA sequence should also be different.

The Rice genome projects involves fingerprinting of HindIII and EcoRI BAC libraries, assembling the fingerprinted BACs into contigs, anchoring of the BACs onto the physical map with DNA gel restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and BAC end sequence analysis, and connecting and extending of contigs by chromosome walking.

Genetic and physical map of genome was generated using information on polymorphism of restriction endonuclease recognition sites and repetitive DNA sequence called microsatellites.