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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 26

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 26
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    During transcription, holoenzyme RNA polymerase binds to a DNA sequence and the DNA assumes a saddle like structure at that point. What is that sequence called?
    Solution
    A TATA box is a DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded. It is a type of promoter sequence, which specifies to other molecules where transcription begins. Transcription is a process that produces an RNA molecule from a DNA sequence. The TATA box is named for its conserved DNA sequence, which is most commonly TATAAA. 
    Many eukaryotic genes have a conserved TATA box located 25-35 base pairs before the transcription start site of a gene. The TATA box is able to define the direction of transcription and also indicates the DNA strand to be read. Proteins called transcription factors can bind to the TATA box and recruit an enzyme called RNA polymerase, which synthesizes RNA from DNA.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The one aspect which is not a salient feature of genetic code, is its being
    Solution
    The genetic code is said to be redundant because some, but not all of the amino acids have more than one possible codon coding for them. The genetic code is not ambiguous because there is no instance of any codon coding for more than one amino acid. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    What is antisense technology?
    Solution

    Correct Option: A
    Explanation:

    • Antisense technology is used to control the expression of a gene whose nucleotide sequence is known. 
    • It is a form of treatment for genetic disorders or infections. 
    • When the genetic sequence of a particular gene is known to be causative of a particular disease, it is possible to synthesize a strand of nucleic acid that will bind to the messenger RNA produced by that gene and inactivate it, effectively turning that gene "off".
    • This is because mRNA has to be single-stranded for it to be translated. Alternatively, the strand might be targeted to bind a splicing site on pre-mRNA and modify the exon content of an mRNA.

  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Whose experiments cracked the DNA and discovered unequivocally that a genetic code is a "triplet"?
    Solution
    Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich J. Matthaei cracked the DNA and discovered unequivocally that a genetic code is a "triplet". They were the first to elucidate the nature of a codon in 1961, at the National Institutes of Health. They used a cell-free system to translate a poly-uracil RNA sequence and discovered that the polypeptide that they had synthesized consisted of only the amino acid phenylalanine.They thereby deduced that the codon UUU specified the amino acid phenylalanine.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is wrongly matched?
    Solution
    • Transcription is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into mRNA, not tRNA.
    • The translation is the process of translating the sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis.
    • The regulator gene in the operon produces repressor protein that binds to the operator region to stop the operon, which in turn stops the synthesis of enzymes.
    • A typical operon consists of a group of structural genes that code for enzymes involved in a metabolic pathway along with a single operator and promoter.

    Hence, option A is correct.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    In history of biology, human genome project led to the development of
    Solution
    HGP (Human Genome Project) was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called as bioinformatics.
    It is an interdisciplinary field that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. Computers are used to gather, store, analyze and integrate biological and genetic information which can then be applied to gene-based drug discovery and development. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following pairs of codons is correctly matched with their function or the signal for the particular amino acid?
    Solution
    UAG and UGA are stop codons. Termination of chain growth in protein synthesis is brought about by UAA, UAG, UGA. The three stop codons have been given names : UAG is amber, UGA is opal, and UAA is ochre. Stop codons are also called "termination" or "nonsense" codons. They signal release of the nascent polypeptide from the ribosome because there is no cognate tRNA that has anticodons complementary to these stop signals, and so a release factor binds to the ribosome instead.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Taylor conducted the experiments to semiconservative mode of chromosome replication on
    Solution
    Taylor conducted treated root tip cells of Vicia faba with radioactive thymidine to label the DNA and then grew them in the normal medium to demonstrate semi- conservative mode of chromosome replication. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which one of the following is start codon?
    Solution
    • Codons are the nucleotide base triplets that specify a particular amino acid in proteins. 
    • The start codon specifies the first codon of mRNA transcript that is translated. It codes for methionine in eukaryotes and a modified Met in prokaryotes.
    • "AUG" is the most common start codon. AUG and UGA start and stop codons respectively. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because 
    Solution
    Bacterial cells lack the machinery needed for processing of primary transcript; which makes option A wrong. Eukaryotic DNA replication requires specific origin of replications, enzymes and other regulatory machinery which are absent in prokaryotes and hence, they can not replicate a eukaryotic DNA; option C is incorrect. 
    Prokaryotic genes are polycistronic; the genes for related enzymes are present in cluster which is under regulation of same promoter. Euakryotic genes are monocistronic; each has its own promoter gene which means that gene regulation is not same in both; option B is incorrect. As we know that nucleotide sequence of mRNA is translated into amino acid sequence of protein. A set of three nucleotides serve as a codon that specify an amino acid. Genetic code is universal which means that a particular codon specify a particular amino acid in all the organisms. The mRNA codon "ACU" codes for threonine, irrespective of its source. This enables bacteria to produce a human protein. Correct answer is D.
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