Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 32

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Question 1
1 / -0

In genetic code, $$61$$ codons code for $$20$$ different types of amino acids. This is called.

A
Colinearity

B
Commaless

C
Degeneracy

D
Non-ambiguity

Solution

The genetic code is triplet which means 3 nucleotides code for one amino acid but the total number of nucleotides is 4. Hence more than one codon can specify a single amino acid. There are total 64 codons of which 3 are the stop codons. Hence only 61 codons code for the 20 amino acids and this is called the degeneracy of the genetic code. Thus the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following enzymes is not necessary for the process of DNA replication?

A
Helicase

B
DNA polymerase

C
Ligase

D
RNA polymerase

Solution

DNA replication is a process of formation of a new daughter DNA strand from parent chain. This is catalyzed by DNA polymerase II which adds the DNA primer into the parent chain and helicases are the enzyme that helps in opening the double helical structure of DNA.
The DNA polymerase work in 5'- 3' direction and the strand which has the polarity of 3'-5' will form continuously and is known as the leading strand and other will form fragments of DNA which is the lagging strand.
DNA ligase is responsible for joining these by the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

So, the correct option is 'RNA polymerase'
Question 3
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There are 64 coders in genetic code dictionary because

A
There are 64 amino acids to be coded

B
There are 44 Meaningless and 20 codons for amino acids

C
There are 64 types of t-RNAs found in the cell

D
Genetic code is triplet

Solution

Cysteine is a nonessential amino acid (protein building block), meaning that cysteine can be made in the human body. Cysteine is one of the few amino acids that contain sulfur. Cysteine is a component of the antioxidant glutathione. The body also uses cysteine to produce taurine, another amino acid. So, the correct option is "D" (Genetic code is triplet).
Question 4
1 / -0

The enzyme which helps to cut one strand of DNA duplex to release tension of coiling of two strands is

A
DNA ligase

B
DNA Polymerase I

C
Topoisomerase

D
Swielases (helicase or unwindases)

Solution

Common problems such as overwinding (positive supercoiling), knots, and tangles are resolved by topoisomerases by catalyzing the breaking of one or two strands of DNA. It releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription is done by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 5
1 / -0

DNA ligase helps in:

A
Joining segments of DNA

B
Splitting or separation of two strands of DNA

C
Renaturation

D
Denaturation

Solution

In molecular biology, DNA ligase is a specific type of enzyme that facilitates the joining of DNA strands together by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
So, the correct answer is 'Joining segments of DNA'
Question 6
1 / -0

Which one of the following is a base analogue?

A
Nitrous acid

B
Colchicine

C
5 - bromouracil

D
Caffeine

Solution

5 - bromouracil is a brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite or base analog, substituting for thymine in DNA, can induce DNA mutation in the same way as 2-aminopurine. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen.
Question 7
1 / -0

Semi-conservative model of DNA replication was confirmed by

A
Taylor, Woods and Hughes

B
Messelson and Stahl

C
Nirenberg and Khorana

D
Watson and Crick

Solution

Semi-conservative replication describes the mechanism by which DNA is replicated in all known cells. This mechanism of replication was one of three models originally confirmed by Messelson and Stahl. Semi-conservative replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.
Question 8
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The mechanism of removing introns followed by joining of the exons in a defined order during transcription is called

A
Splicing

B
Tailing

C
Transformation

D
Capping
Solution
The gene encoding for mRNA has two types of sequences called the introns and the exons. The introns are the intervening sequences and they do not code for a functional polypeptide.
The exons are the functional sequences. However, the exons are intervened by the introns.
When such a gene is transcribed, the RNA so formed will have both these sequences. Such an RNA is called the hnRNA (heterogeneous RNA) or the pre-mRNA.
This pre-mRNA undergoes a post-transcriptional modification called splicing where these introns are removed from the pre-mRNA.
The RNA obtained after the process of splicing is called the mRNA and it has the sequences for only exons, that will be translated to form a functional polypeptide.
Thus, the correct answer is (A).
Question 9
1 / -0

In the DNA molecule

A
The proportion of adenine in relation to thymine varies with the organism.

B
There are two strands which run antiparallel, one in 5'-3' direction and other in 3'-5'.

C
The total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal.

D
There are two strands which run parallel in the 5'-3' direction.

Solution

DNA contains two strands which are running from 5' -->3' and 3' -->5' and are thus anti parallel. They have equal number of purines as well as pyrimidines.

Question 10

1 / -0

Match the following and choose the correct combination from the options given.

	Column-I		Column-II
A.	Walter Sutton	1.	Discovered penicillin
B.	Thomas Hunt Morgan	2.	Discovered the chromosomal basis of heredity
C.	James Watson	3.	Described the phenomenon of linkage and crossing over
D.	Alexander Fleming	4.	Discovered the double helical structure of DNA

A- 1, B- 4, C- 2, D- 3

A- 2, B- 3, C- 1, D- 4

A- 3, B- 2, C- 1, D- 4

A- 2, B- 3, C- 4, D- 1

A- 4, B- 1, C- 2, D- 3

Solution

Walter Sutton - Described heredity
T.H. Morgan - Discovered linkage and crossing over
James Watson - Discovered double helical structure of DNA
Alexander Flemming - Discovered Penicillin

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 32

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 32

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Question 1

Colinearity

Commaless

Degeneracy

Non-ambiguity

Solution

Question 2

Helicase

DNA polymerase

Ligase

RNA polymerase

Solution

Question 3

There are 64 amino acids to be coded

There are 44 Meaningless and 20 codons for amino acids

There are 64 types of t-RNAs found in the cell

Genetic code is triplet

Solution

Question 4

DNA ligase

DNA Polymerase I

Topoisomerase

Swielases (helicase or unwindases)

Solution

Question 5

Joining segments of DNA

Splitting or separation of two strands of DNA

Renaturation

Denaturation

Solution

Question 6

Nitrous acid

Colchicine

5 - bromouracil

Caffeine

Solution

Question 7

Taylor, Woods and Hughes

Messelson and Stahl

Nirenberg and Khorana

Watson and Crick

Solution

Question 8

Splicing

Tailing

Transformation

Capping

Solution

Question 9

The proportion of adenine in relation to thymine varies with the organism.

There are two strands which run antiparallel, one in 5'-3' direction and other in 3'-5'.

The total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal.

There are two strands which run parallel in the 5'-3' direction.

Solution

Question 10

A- 1, B- 4, C- 2, D- 3

A- 2, B- 3, C- 1, D- 4

A- 3, B- 2, C- 1, D- 4

A- 2, B- 3, C- 4, D- 1

A- 4, B- 1, C- 2, D- 3

Solution

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