Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 35

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Question 1
1 / -0

Khorana got the Nobel prize for

A
DNA synthesis

B
Genetic code

C
Protein synthesis

D
Enzyme synthesis

Solution

Khorana was an Indian-American biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for physiology or Medicine. Marshall Nirenberg and Hargobind Khorana have determined which sequence of bases coded, is for which amino acids with the help of experiments.
Question 2
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When more than one codon codes for the same amino acid, what is this called?

A
Universal nature of genetic code

B
Redundancy of genetic code

C
Punctuation in genetic code

D
Continuous nature of genetic code

Solution

The genetic code has 64 codon and each specifies only one amino acids but there are some codons such as GAA and GAG both specify one amino acid i.e., glutamic acid and are called as redundancy or degeneracy.
Question 3
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Which of the following statement is not true for genetic code?

A
A codon in mRNA is read in a non-contiguous fashion.

B
It is nearly universal.

C
It is degenerate.

D
It is unambiguous.

Solution

A. A codon in mRNA consists of three nucleotides and is read in a contiguous manner.
B. Genetic code is same in every organism with some exceptions. Hence, it is nearly universal.
C. Genetic code is degenerate as more than one codon may code for an amino acid.
D. Genetic code is unambiguous as a particular codon will always code for the same amino acid.
Hence, statement A is incorrect.
So, the correct answer is 'A codon in mRNA is read in a non-contiguous fashion'.
Question 4
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Set of three bases (codon) in the genetic code represent ____.

A
Protein

B
Amino acid

C
Plasmid

D
Nucleic acid

Solution

Amino acids can be defined as a nucleotide triplet i.e. a codon, for example, a set of codons AUG makes the amino acid methionine, similarly GUG codes for valine etc.
So, the correct answer is "Amino acid".
Question 5
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All the terminator codons begin with which nitrogenous base?

A
Adenine

B
Uracil

C
Guanine

D
Cytosine

Solution

There are three terminator codons - UAG, UGA, UAA. In the genetic code, a stop codon (or termination codon) is a nucleotide triplet within messenger RNA that signals a termination of translation. All of them begin with uracil.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
Question 6
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There are 64 types of codons in genetic code dictionary because

A
There are 64 types of tRNA's found in cell.

B
There are 44 meaningless and 20 codons for amino acids.

C
There are 64 amino acids for coding.

D
Genetic code is triplet.
Solution
The genetic code is a triplet and this triplet nature can be explained as:
- There are four nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine) and these four bases code for 20 amino acids.
- If genetic code is a doublet then a combination of two nitrogenous bases will give 4 x 4 = 16 codons, which is insufficient for 20 amino acids.
- George Gamow in 1954 explained the possibility of three letter code i.e. triplet codon. This will give 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 codons, which is more than enough to code for twenty amino acids.
Hence, the genetic code is a triplet.
So, the correct answer is 'Genetic code is triplet'.
Question 7
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Assumption that genetic code is a triplet was suggested by?

A
Gamow

B
Beadle and Tatum

C
S. Brenner

D
Nirenberg and Matthaei

Solution

Gamow attempted to solve the problem of how the order of the four different kinds of bases (A,T,G and C) in DNA chains could control the synthesis of proteins from amino acids. Gamow suggested that the twenty of the combinations of four DNA bases taken three at a time corresponded to twenty amino acids used to form proteins.
Question 8
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Code of a mature mRNA and the protein synthesized from it are

A
Coplanar

B
Collinear

C
Nonlinear

D
Irregular

Solution

A. Coplanar means in the same plane.
B. Colinear means on the same line.
C. Nonlinear means not in a straight line.
D. Irregular means any random arrangement.
Mature mRNA has codons arranged in a collinear manner i.e. on the same line and the proteins formed by the translation of this mRNA are also synthesised on the same line i.e. collinear.
So, the correct answer is 'Collinear'.
Question 9
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Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched?

A
Ribosomal RNA - carries aminoacids to the site of protein synthesis

B
Transcription - process by which protein is synthesized

C
Translation - process by which mRNA carries the information from nucleus to the ribosome

D
Anticodon - site of tRNA molecule that contains complementary bases to the triple code on the mRNA
Solution
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
One end of the tRNA matches the genetic code in a three-nucleotide sequence called the anticodon.
The anticodon forms three base pairs with a codon in mRNA during protein biosynthesis.
The mRNA encodes a protein as a series of contiguous codons, each of which is recognized by a particular tRNA.
On the other end of the tRNA is a covalent attachment to the amino acid that corresponds to the anticodon sequence.
Question 10
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Which one of the following is common to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A
Endoplasmic reticulum

B
Histones

C
Mitochondria

D
Genetic code

E
None of the above

Solution

The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells. It is present in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokayotes lacks membrane bounded organelles like endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. They do not have DNA complexed with histones.
So, the correct answer is option D.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 35

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 35

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Question 1

DNA synthesis

Genetic code

Protein synthesis

Enzyme synthesis

Solution

Question 2

Universal nature of genetic code

Redundancy of genetic code

Punctuation in genetic code

Continuous nature of genetic code

Solution

Question 3

A codon in mRNA is read in a non-contiguous fashion.

It is nearly universal.

It is degenerate.

It is unambiguous.

Solution

Question 4

Protein

Amino acid

Plasmid

Nucleic acid

Solution

Question 5

Adenine

Uracil

Guanine

Cytosine

Solution

Question 6

There are 64 types of tRNA's found in cell.

There are 44 meaningless and 20 codons for amino acids.

There are 64 amino acids for coding.

Genetic code is triplet.

Solution

Question 7

Gamow

Beadle and Tatum

S. Brenner

Nirenberg and Matthaei

Solution

Question 8

Coplanar

Collinear

Nonlinear

Irregular

Solution

Question 9

Ribosomal RNA - carries aminoacids to the site of protein synthesis

Transcription - process by which protein is synthesized

Translation - process by which mRNA carries the information from nucleus to the ribosome

Anticodon - site of tRNA molecule that contains complementary bases to the triple code on the mRNA

Solution

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Histones

Mitochondria

Genetic code

None of the above

Solution

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