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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 36

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 36
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    A triplet codon represents
    Solution
    A triplet codon is a sequence of three nitrogen bases. It is also called as a genetic code. It codes for a single amino acid.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    A sequence of how many nucleotides in messenger RNA makes a codon for an amino acid?
    Solution
    Proteins are the sequence of amino acid that are the building blocks of the body. There areproduced by the triplet codons means a combination of three nucleotides makes a code for amino acid. This codon is unique and universal and is called the genetic code. 
    For example, UAU is a triplet code that codes for tyrosine.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Genetic code is a translation of the language of
    Solution
    Genetic code translates the information on RNA into that of proteins. Thus, the protein synthesis process is called as translation.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0

    Which of the following is the simplest amino acid?

    Solution
    Correct option: C

    Explanation:
    • The simplest amino acid is glycine. It has a single hydrogen atom as its side chain (NH2​‐CH2​‐COOH). Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids, commonly found in animal proteins (collagen).
    • Tyrosine is an aromatic amino acid, and have phenol as the side chain.
    • Asparagine is a glucogenic amino acid, and have carboxamide group as its side chains.
    • Alanine have methyl group as its side chain.
      Tyrosine, Asparagine and Alanine have complex side chains and thus can't be simplest amino aids. Option C is correct.

  • Question 5
    1 / -0

    Which of the following are a diamino and dicarboxylic amino acid?

    Solution
    Cystine is a sulfur-containing amino acid. It has two carboxylic acid groups and two amino groups. Hence it is di-amino, di-carboxylic amino acid. Thus the correct answer is option A.

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    The number of triplet codons having all the three bases same in 64 triplet codons is
    Solution
    Three is the minimum number of nucleotides per codon needed to encode 20 amino acids. 20 amino acids are encoded by combinations of 3 nucleotides. If a codon were two nucleotides, the set of all combinations could encode only. 4x4 = 16 amino acids. With three nucleotides, the set of all combinations can encode. 4x4x4 = 64 amino acids i.e., 64 different combinations of four nucleotides taken three at a time.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    The process by which DNA of nucleus passes genetic information to mRNA is called

    Solution
    • Process of RNA synthesis with the help of RNA polymerase using DNA as the template is called transcription.
    • By the process of transcription, the DNA passes the genetic information to mRNA.
    • Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes while in the nucleus in eukaryotes.

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The transcription unit extends from
    Solution
    • Transcription in genetics refers to the process of recording or copying a DNA's message onto a related RNA in its language. 
    • The transcription unit is made up of a promoter, structural gene, and a terminator. 
    • The promoter initiates and controls the process, while the terminator indicates when and where to stop transcribing. 
    • Each gene has its own promoter and in eukaryotes, the promoter is always the same and is known as the TATA box as the sequence of bases is TATAAA.
    • The transcription unit extends from the TATA box to the stop codon or the terminator.

    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The one aspect which is not a salient feature of genetic code is, its 
    Solution
    Genetic codes are never ambiguous. That is, it is never confusing. It is represented as triplet codons, each represents an amino acid. There are 64 codons. Out of which 61 codes for amino acids and 3 are stop codons.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0

    Which one of the following statement is not correct?

    Solution
    Correct option: C
    Explanation:
    • There are three stop codons that terminate the process of transcription and translation.
    • Those include UAA, UAG and UGA.
    • Lysine is coded by AAA and AAG.
    • Lysine is a basic amino acid.
    Hence, "UAA codon codes for lysine" is not correct.
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