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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 40

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 40
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    What does bacterial genome contain?
    Solution
    • The bacterial genome contains double-stranded circular DNA. It also contains short circular DNA called a plasmid. 
    • It is a self-replicating unit that mainly helps in transformation.
    So, the correct answer is option A.

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is not directly formed from DNA?
    Solution
    Proteins are polypeptides. They are linear chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Degeneracy of genetic code was discovered by
    Solution
    Degeneracy of codons is the redundancy of the genetic code, exhibited as the multiplicity of three codon combinations specifying an amino acid. The degeneracy of the genetic code is what accounts for the existence of synonymous mutations. Baurnfield & Nirenberg were the first to discover the degeneracy of genetic code.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The usual method of DNA replication is
    Solution
    DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of two strands and each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semi-conservative replication.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Duplication of DNA is called as
    Solution
    • Duplication of DNA is called DNA replication. DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. 
    • This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. 
    • DNA is made up of two strands and each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semiconservative replication.
      Hence, correct answer is A.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Genetic code was discovered by
    Solution
    Marshall Nirenberg and Heinrich J. Matthaei were the first to elucidate the nature of a codon in 1961 at the National Institutes of Health. They used a cell-free system to translate a poly-uracil RNA sequence and discovered that the polypeptide that they had synthesized consisted of only the amino acid phenylalanine.They, thereby, deduced that the codon UUU specified the amino acid phenylalanine.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    DNA directed synthesis of mRNA is called as
    Solution
    DNA directed synthesis of mRNA is called transcription. Transcription is when RNA is made from DNA. During transcription, RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. This process is similar in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. One difference, however, is that eukaryotic RNA polymerase associates with mRNA-processing enzymes during transcription so that processing cank proceed quickly after the start of transcription.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    DNA polymerase is needed for
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    In bacteria, the codon AUG stands for
    Solution
    The process of translation i.e protein synthesis involves three processes- inititaion, elongation and termination. The synthesis of all proteins starts with the same amino acid: methionine. In eubacteria, the first amino acid in newly synthesized polypeptide is N-formylmethione. However formylation is not neccesary because non-formylated methionine can function as an initiator amino acid. 
    Eukaryotes and archaea also use methionine as an initiating amino acid, but it is not formylated methionine. In eubacteria, such as E.coli, AUG and GUG and on rare occasions UUG serve as initiation codons. When one of these triplets is present in the initiation position, it is recognized by N-formyl Met-t-RNA and N-formylmethionine appears as the first amino acid in the chain. The meaning of AUG and GUG codons depends on their context. When the AUG codon is used for initiation, it is read as formyl-methione; when used within the coding region, it represents methionine. Similarly when GUG codon serves as an initiation codon, it is read as formylmethionine. Initiation in the eukaryotic cytoplasm almost always uses AUG as the initiator.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Sometimes the starting codon is GUG in place of AUG, GUG normally stands for
    Solution
    Sometimes the starting codon is GUU in place of AUG, GUG normally stands for valine. Valine is an amino acid with the chemical formula: (CH3)2CH-CH(NH2)-COOH . Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. 
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