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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 47

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 47
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Starting codon is universal which means
    Solution
    The triplet "AUG" codes for methionine and serves as start codon which means that the first codon in almost all reading frames is "AUG". Despite modification in encoded amino acid (methionine in eukaryotes and formyl methionine in prokaryotes), the same codon serves as initiation codon in all the cells of nearly all organisms. Option A is correct. Universality does not mean presence of two or more codons as initiation codon; neither protein synthesis can start randomly at any variable code. Codons are different possible independent combinations of four nucleotide bases; they are not originated from start codon. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    DNA helicase helps in 
    Solution
    Helicases move along the double-stranded DNA and separate the strands by breaking hydrogen bonds at the expense of energy from ATP. DNA unwinding by helicases creates topological stress/supercoils in the helical DNA structure which is relieved by the action of topoisomerases. These enzymes transiently break both DNA strands of one chromosome thereby making the other chromosome to pass through the break and relieve the stress. DNA polymerase enzyme synthesizes DNA strands by adding deoxyribonucleotides to 3' end of the primer via phosphodiester bonds; it uses parental DNA as template. Hydrogen bonding between base pairs is facilitated by the presence of hydrogen bond donor (primary and secondary amine groups or hydroxyl groups) and complementary hydrogen bond acceptor (carbonyls and tertiary amines) in bases; it is not enzymatic process. The correct option is C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    From the given structure of a DNA, one helix turn contains how many base pairs?

    Solution
    Since, one complete turn of the double helix is 3.4 nm long and distance between two consecutive base pairs should be 0.34 nm; thus each helix has 10 base pairs. Correct answer is B.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Phosphorus is a structural element in 
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The one aspect, which is not salient feature of genetic code, is its being
    Solution
    The genetic code is specific and this character is maintained by first two bases of codons; the first two bases make strong bonding with the corresponding tRNA. An amino acid encoded by several different codons and the codons differ in either of the first two bases, each codon requires different tRNAs. The genetic code is universal which means that a particular codon specifies a particular amino acid in all the organisms. The mRNA codon "ACU" codes for threonine, irrespective of its source. Genetic code show degeneracy which means that multiple codons specify particular amino acid; asparagine is encoded by "GAU and GAC". The genetic code is unambiguous which means that one codon for one amino acid only; for example, GAA codes for glutamine only. The correct answer is C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which of the enzyme joins the broken strands of DNA?
    Solution
    Two classes of enzymes are most important in generating recombinant DNA molecule. First, restriction endonucleases (also called restriction enzymes) recognize and cleave DNA at specific DNA sequences (recognition sequences or restriction sites) to generate a set of smaller fragments. Second, the DNA fragment to be cloned can be joined to a suitable cloning vector by using DNA ligases to link the DNA molecules together. DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of new phosphodiester bonds in a reaction that uses ATP or a similar cofactor.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    In which part of the cell is DNA concentrated ? 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Structure of a DNA is given, what is the diameter of the DNA?

    Solution
    The DNA helix is 20$$\mathring A $$ wide which means that its diameter is 2 nm. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The backbone of DNA is made up of?

    Solution
    DNA is polymer of deoxyribonucleotides; each of which is made up of sugar, nitrogenous base and phosphate moiety. Two successive nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester bond between 3' hydroxyl of one nucleotide and 5' phosphate of next nucleotide. The hydrophilic backbones of alternating sugar and phosphate groups are present on the outside of the double helix facing the surrounding water. Correct option is D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    DNA is unique among molecules in that it can 
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