Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 51

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which one of the following correctly represents the manner of replication of DNA?

A

B

C

D

Solution

DNA replication takeplace in the 5' to 3' direction because DNA polymerase acts on the 3'-OH of the existing strand for adding free nucleotides.
Question 2
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There are 64 codons in genetic code dictionary, because

A
There are 64 types of tRNA's found in the cell.

B
There are 44 meaningless and 20 codons for amino acids.

C
Genetic code is triplet.

D
There are 64 amino acids to be coded.

Solution

The genetic information is present in DNA inform of its nucleotide sequence. A combination of four nucleotides and 20 essential amino acids makes a genetic code for 64 different combinations (4 X 4 X 4). This makes statement C true.
Question 3
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Choose the mismatched pair

A
Nuclein - Friedrich Meischer

B
Double helix of DNA - Watson and Crick

C
Genetic code - Anand Mohan Chakrabarty

D
Gene - Johansen
Solution
- Nuclein was first discovered by Friedrich Meischer. It was the term used to describe the nuclear material, which today is known as DNA.
- Watson and Crick proposed the double-stranded, helical structure of DNA. They showed that DNA consists of nucleotides (sugar+ bases+ phosphate).
- The genetic code was first given by Nirenberg and Matthaei who deciphered the various triplet codons.
- Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the fundamental physical and functional units of heredity.
So, the correct option is 'Genetic code - Anand Mohan Chakrabarty'.
Question 4
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The term degeneracy was given by

A
A. Kornberg

B
Barbara McClintock

C
Bernfield and Nirenberg

D
Hershey and Chase
Solution
Bernfield and Nirenberg were the first to coin the term degeneracy who showed that one single amino acids can be coded by more than one codons. For example glutamic acid is coded by GAA and GAG codons while leucine is coded by UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG.
Hershey and Chase performed an experiment to confirm that DNA is the genetic material in many organisms except retroviruses.
Kornberg discovered the mechanism in the biological synthesis of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) together with Severo Ochoa.
Barbara McClintock laid her focus in maize cytogenetics. She studied the chromosomes and how they change shape during reproduction in maize.
So, the correct option is 'Bernfield and Nirenberg'.
Question 5
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Which of following has a clover leaf shaped structure?

A
tRNA

B
rRNA

C
DNA

D
mRNA

Solution

All tRNAs have about 73 to 93 nucleotides that fold into four base-paired stems and three loops, a structure which looks like a clover leaf in secondary structure. It is "L" shaped in the three-dimensional structure. The anticodon loop has triplet at the tip which base pairs with the corresponding codon in mRNA. The 3' end has CCA sequence. Attachment of an amino acid to the 3’ adenosine yields an aminoacyl-tRNA and therefore the CCA site is called as amino acid binding site. Transfer-RNA has 7-15% post-transcriptionally modified bases. Dihydrouridine (D) is nearly always found in the D-loop and serves as aminoacyl synthetase recognition and binding loop while the T psi C loop binds the charged tRNA-amino acid to the ribosome.
Question 6
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Anticodon is associated with

A
mRNA

B
DNA

C
tRNA

D
rRNA

Solution

tRNA molecule consists of four major and one minor arm:
A) Acceptor arm: consists of a base-paired stem that ends in an unpaired sequence whose free 2' or 3'-OH can be linked to an amino acid.
B) T C arm: named so due to the presence of a triplet sequence containing pseudouridine, a modified base.
C) Anticodon arm: always contain anticodon triplet in the center of the loop.
D) D arm: named for its content of base dihydrouridine.
E) Extra arm: a minor arm that lies between T C arm and anticodon arm, varies from 3-21 bases.
So, the correct option is 'tRNA'.
Question 7
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It is theoretically possible for a gene from any organism to function in any other organism. Why is this possible ?

A
All organisms have ribosomes.

B
All organisms have the same genetic code.

C
All organisms are made up of cells.

D
All organisms have similar nuclei.

Solution

Genes can be moved between species. Because of the universality nature of the genetic code, the polymerases enzyme are able to accurately transcribe a gene from another organism. For example, different species of bacteria obtain antibiotic resistance genes through the exchange of small chromosomes called plasmids.
Using this technique of gene transfer, recombinant DNA technology was developed.
So, the correct option is 'All organisms have the same genetic code'.
Question 8
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Genetic code was discovered by

A
Holley and Nirenberg

B
Nirenberg and Matthei

C
Holley Nirenberg and Khorana

D
W. Fleming and Matthei
Solution
Correct Option: B
Explanation:
- Genetic code is that the sequence of nucleotides in DNA chemical compound and compound (RNA) that determines the organic compound sequence of proteins.
- Though the linear sequence of nucleotides in Desoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) contains the information for macromolecule sequences, proteins do not appear to be created directly from deoxyribonucleic acid. Instead, the mRNA molecule is synthesized from the DNA and directs the formation of the organic compound.
- The deciphering of the genetic code was accomplished by Yank biochemists Marshall W. Nirenberg and Matthei. Hence, Nirenberg and Matthei discovered the Genetic code.
Question 9
1 / -0

If the tRNA anticodon for the amino acid is CAA (reading 3' to 5') then the codon for valine (reading 5' to 3') in mRNA will be

A
TTG

B
GGU

C
CCA

D
CCG

E
GUU

Solution

The mRNA contains the codons and the tRNA have the complementary sequences called as the anticodons. The anticodon on tRNA for valine is CAA and so, the codon on the mRNA sequence will be complementary to CAA as GUU. Since, it is mRNA sequence, T in DNA s replaced by U in RNA.
Thus, the correct answer is option 'GUU'.
Question 10
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Termination codon is

A
UAA

B
UCG

C
AUG

D
UUU

Solution

The codons that cause termination of protein synthesis are known as stop/terminator codons. The DNA stop codons are TAG, TAA and TGA. The corresponding RNA stop codons are UAG, UAA and UGA. "AUG" is the most common start codon. The presence of termination codon in the ribosomal A site is followed by hydrolysis of the terminal peptidyl-tRNA bond to release the polypeptide and the last tRNA and finally dissociation of the 70S ribosome into its 30S and 50S subunits. The start codon specifies the first codon of mRNA transcript that is translated by a ribosome. It codes for methionine in eukaryotes and a modified Met in prokaryotes.