Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 53

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Question 1
1 / -0

Degeneracy in genetic code exists because

A
More than one codon can code for a single amino acid

B
One codon can code for multiple amino acids

C
More than on anticodon can bind to a given codon

D
Only one anticodon can bind to a given codon

E
None of the above

Solution

Codons exhibit many properties, where degeneracy of codons is one of them.
Degeneracy of codons refers to that one amino acid can be coded by more than one than one codon. Example: isoleucine can be coded by AUU, AUC, AUA.
Proline is encoded by CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG.
So, the correct option is 'More than one codon can code for a single amino acid'.
Question 2
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For the given diagram showing the replication of DNA, asterisk (*) represents

A
Promoter

B
Okasaki fragment

C
Template

D
Lagging strand

E
Leading strand
Question 3
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Which of the following is utilized by all living organisms?

A
$$C{O}_{2}$$

B
A triplet genetic code to produce proteins

C
Oxygen

D
ADP as cellular energy

E
Membrane-bound organelles

Solution

The relationship between the nucleotide triplets and the amino acids is called a genetic code. This determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that are synthesized. The genetic code is non-ambiguous, universal and a triplet code. The genetic code is universal and is the set of rules by which information encoded within the genetic material, i.e., the DNA or mRNA sequences, are translated into proteins by living cells. The genetic code is highly similar among all organisms and can be expressed in a simple table with 64 entries. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 4
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Which of the following statements, best supports the claim that organisms share fundamental processes as a result of evolution?

A
All organisms have the ability to use oxygen to capture energy from the breakdown of organic molecules.

B
All organisms introduced into new environments have the capacity to fill vacant ecological roles.

C
All organisms have structures such as chloroplasts and mitochondria within their cells that reflect past symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic precursors.

D
All organisms share a genetic code organized into triplet codons, making it possible for one organism to express a gene from any other organism.

Solution

The genes express themselves by converting into proteins, specifically amino acid. Amino acids are quoted by specific codons. There are 64 universal codons that code for around 20 amino acids.
These are similar in all organisms be it prokaryotes or eukaryotes and this allows the expression of one gene from one organism to another organism.

So, the correct option is 'All organisms share a genetic code organized into triplet codons, making it possible for one organism to express a gene from any other organism.'
Question 5
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Replication of a complementary strand of DNA using an existing template strand of DNA can only be accomplished in the presence of RNA nucleotides to serve as primers for replicative enzymes. This fact is drawn upon as evidence in support of

A
The snowball Earth hypothesis.

B
The abiotic synthesis of organic monomer molecules, also known as the "Reducing Atmosphere" hypothesis.

C
The endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotic life.

D
The existence of a genetic system that predates the use of DNA as genetic material.

Solution

RNA is also known as ribonucleic acid. This RNA is composed of polymers of nucleotides and a nucleoside is basically a pentose sugar along with nitrogen species and a phosphate group.
In DNA, when replication takes place some primers are needed to start the replication. RNA nucleotides adenine, guanine, cytosine and Uracil is needed. This proves that RNA was once a genetic material and is used in important metabolic processes like the DNA replication as a catalyst but was unstable. Due to this DNA evolved from RNA and then was used as a genetic material.
So, the correct option is 'The existence of a genetic system that predates the use of DNA as genetic material.'
Question 6
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Which choice describes the incorrect statement regarding the bonding arrangement in the Watson-Crick model of DNA?

A
Deoxyribose can bind to the nitrogenous bases A, T, C or U.

B
A phosphate group binds to each rung of the ladder containing a purine and a pyrimidine.

C
Hydrogen bonds connect the nucleotide from one strand to the nucloetide of the other strand.

D
Phosphodiester bonds link to deoxyribose forming the backbone of DNA.

Solution

Watson-Crick Structure of DNA is a double-stranded, helical molecule consisting of two sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside, held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of nitrogenous bases on the inside. A DNA molecule contains four nitrogenous bases i.e., adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine. The phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another. In the paper "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid." written by j.D.Watson and F.H.C. Crick proposed the double helix structure of DNA. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
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If a molecule was introduced that interfered with the normal function of the enzyme DNA ligase, what would be the most likely effect during replication?

A
DNA could not unwind for replication to proceed.

B
Fragments of DNA could not be joined together.

C
New DNA nucleotides could not be added to the growing strand.

D
RNA primers could not be replaced with DNA nucleotides.

Solution

DNA ligase is an enzyme which is responsible for the ligation of DNA molecules as it catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two DNA fragments. This enzyme is both used in the DNA repair and the replication of DNA.
When there is an enzyme that interferes with the normal mechanism of NA ligase the working is affected and the DNA fragments cannot be joined together.

So, the correct option is 'Fragments of DNA could not be joined together.'
Question 8
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Which of the following is a transcription factor produced by a regulatory gene?

A
A promoter

B
An operon

C
A cofactor

D
A repressor
Solution
- A regulatory gene is a gene that controls the expression of one or more genes. The regulatory protein produced by the regulatory gene is called a repressor molecule. It binds to the operator or silencer region of the operon and controls the expression of structural genes by inhibiting its transcription.
- A promoter is the sequence of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene.
- An operon is a region of DNA that contains a cluster of genes that are under the control of a single promoter.
- A cofactor is a non-protein molecule that binds to the inactive enzyme (apoenzyme) and makes it active enzyme (holoenzyme).
Thus, the correct answer is 'A repressor.'
Question 9
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DNA is unique among molecules in that it can

A
Form multipolymer complexes

B
Come apart and re-form

C
Withstand very high temperatures

D
Replicate itself
Question 10
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A single strand sequence of coding DNA reads 5' GCC ATG ACT 3.
What amino acids would be coded with the enzyme RNA polymerase by this section?
Use the codon table to help you.

A
Serine-histidine-glycine.

B
Arginine-tyrosine-stop.

C
Alanine-methionine-threonine.

D
Serine-valine-proline.

Solution

Genetic codon represents the sequence of amino acid in the polypeptide. It is known that there is 20 amino acid in total coded by 64 codons.
George Gamow gave the concept of triplet codon and coined the term genetic code.
The genetic code is read in a continuous fashion without any punctuation and in a pair of 3.

so, the correct option is 'Alanine-methionine-threonine.'

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 53

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 53

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

More than one codon can code for a single amino acid

One codon can code for multiple amino acids

More than on anticodon can bind to a given codon

Only one anticodon can bind to a given codon

None of the above

Solution

Question 2

Promoter

Okasaki fragment

Template

Lagging strand

Leading strand

Question 3

$$C{O}_{2}$$

A triplet genetic code to produce proteins

Oxygen

ADP as cellular energy

Membrane-bound organelles

Solution

Question 4

All organisms have the ability to use oxygen to capture energy from the breakdown of organic molecules.

All organisms introduced into new environments have the capacity to fill vacant ecological roles.

All organisms have structures such as chloroplasts and mitochondria within their cells that reflect past symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic precursors.

All organisms share a genetic code organized into triplet codons, making it possible for one organism to express a gene from any other organism.

Solution

Question 5

The snowball Earth hypothesis.

The abiotic synthesis of organic monomer molecules, also known as the "Reducing Atmosphere" hypothesis.

The endosymbiotic theory for the evolution of eukaryotic life.

The existence of a genetic system that predates the use of DNA as genetic material.

Solution

Question 6

Deoxyribose can bind to the nitrogenous bases A, T, C or U.

A phosphate group binds to each rung of the ladder containing a purine and a pyrimidine.

Hydrogen bonds connect the nucleotide from one strand to the nucloetide of the other strand.

Phosphodiester bonds link to deoxyribose forming the backbone of DNA.

Solution

Question 7

DNA could not unwind for replication to proceed.

Fragments of DNA could not be joined together.

New DNA nucleotides could not be added to the growing strand.

RNA primers could not be replaced with DNA nucleotides.

Solution

Question 8

A promoter

An operon

A cofactor

A repressor

Solution

Question 9

Form multipolymer complexes

Come apart and re-form

Withstand very high temperatures

Replicate itself

Question 10

Serine-histidine-glycine.

Arginine-tyrosine-stop.

Alanine-methionine-threonine.

Serine-valine-proline.

Solution

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