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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 59

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 59
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Amino acid binding site of tRNA has
    Solution
    Transfer ribonucleic acid or tRNA is a type of RNA molecule that serves as an adaptor in translating the language of nucleic acids into the language of proteins. They are relatively small and consist of a single strand of RNA folded into a precise three-dimensional structure (the cloverleaf secondary structure). Most tRNAs have a guanylate (pG) residue at the 5' end and all have the trinucleotide sequence CCA (3') at the 3' end. The CCA tail of the amino acid arm is a cytosine-cytosine-adenine sequence at the 3' end of the tRNA molecule. The amino acid loaded onto the tRNA by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, to form aminoacyl-tRNA, is covalently bonded to the 3'-hydroxyl group on the CCA tail. This sequence is important for the recognition of tRNA by enzymes and critical in translation. Therefore, option A is correct answer. 

  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Number of genes present in human genome is about
    Solution
    A gene is a distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome.
    Most of the genes do not code for proteins. In humans, genes vary in size from a few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases. The Human Genome Project estimated that humans have around 21,000 genes.
    So, the correct option is '21,000'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    What is not true for genetic code?
    Solution
    The general features of genetic code are:
    (i)     The genetic code is written in linear form, using the ribonucleotide bases that compose mRNA molecule as letters.
    (ii)    Each word of codon consists of three letters, i.e., the codon is triplet
    (iii)   The genetic code inside the cell medium is said to be non-ambiguous.
    (iv)   The code is degenerate, i.e., a given amino acid can be specified by more than one codons.
    (v)    The codon contains start and stop signals.
    (vi)   The code is said to be commaless(continuous).
    (vii)  The code is non-overlapping.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is the pribnow box?
    Solution
    The promoters in bacterial and viral genes usually contain a consensus sequence of $$5'$$ TATAAT-$$3'$$ forming RNA polymerase binding site or the pribnow box. Pribnow box lies within the promoter about $$10$$ base pair before the starting point of transcription.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    The area of unwinding and separation of DNA strands during replication is called
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Double helix model of DNA was proposed by
    Solution
    Watson and Crick suggested the double helix model of DNA. He stated that DNA is made up of two strands that twist around each other to form a right-handed DNA. The two DNA strands are anti-parallel. The backbone of DNA is made up of sugar and phosphate. There are approximately 10 nitrogenous bases per turn in DNA. It has major grooves and minor grooves. Nitrogenous bases ad purine and pyrimidine. Purines are adenine (A) and cytosine (C). Pyrimidines are Thymine (T) and guanine (G). In DNA, there are two hydrogen bonds between adenine (A) and thymine (T) and three hydrogen bonds between cytosine (C) and guanine (G). These are called as complementary base pairs.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    The most exciting discovery of life science, which can possess only four biochemical letter
    Solution
    The process by which the information coded in RNA (mRNA) is decoded into a polypeptide is called as the genetic code. This decoding polypeptide Is one of the most exciting discoveries in life science. The most important feature of the genetic code is that it is a triplet codon and possess only four biochemical letters, namely, A-Adenine, G-Guanine, C-Cytosine, U-Uracil. 
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The process of multiplication of DNA from DNA is known as
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Double helical structure of DNA was proposed by
    Solution
    Double helical structure of DNA was proposed by Watson and Crick. DNA is made up of a nitrogenous base, phosphate, and sugar. DNA and RNA are the chain of polynucleotide which are joined by the phosphodiester bonds. The two nucleotide is linked by the phosphodiester bond. It is formed by the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another. The two strands are antiparallel as one runs in 5'-3' direction as the 3' end of sugar is attached to the phosphorous and the other strand is complimentary which runs in 3'-5' direction where 5' end of sugar is attached to the phosphorous.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The enzyme, which helps to cut one strand of DNA duplex to release tension of coiling of two strands is 
    Solution
    Helicase is the enzyme which unwinds the helix (by disturbing H-bonds), while topoisomerases have the ability to break and releases the tension of strands of DNA. DNA ligase is the enzyme which helps in joining the Okazaki segments which form the lagging strand. DNA polymerase-I removes the RNA primer and helps in the formation of oligodeoxyribonucleotide chain in its place for completing the replication.
    So, the correct answer is option C.
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