Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 74

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Question 1
1 / -0

The two strands of double helix of DNA are linked together by hydrogen bonds between

A
Bases

B
Deoxysugars

C
Phosphates

D
Ribose sugars

Solution

The two strands of the double helix of DNA are linked together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. The bases, Adenine is bonded to Thymine by two H Bonds while Guanine and Cytosine are bonded by three H-Bonds.
So, the correct answer is 'bases'.
Question 2
1 / -0

What is the length of human DNA containing $$6.6\times10^9$$ bp nitrogen bases?

A
$$22$$nm

B
$$0.22$$mm

C
$$2.2$$m

D
$$22$$m
Solution
Correct option: C

Explanation:
- The distance between 2 nucleotides or nitrogen bases = 3.4 A (0.34 × $$10^−9m$$)
  And Human DNA contains =6.6×$$10^9$$ bp
  therefore length = distance between the base pairs × No. of Nitrogen base pairs = 2.2 m
- Option C is correct.
Question 3
1 / -0

Genetic information in a DNA molecule is coded by the

A
Sequence of nucleotides

B
Base pairing

C
Turning pattern of the helix

D
Proportion of each base present

Solution

Gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. It consists of a specific sequence of nucleotides at a given position on a given chromosome that codes for a specific protein.
So correct option is 'Sequence of nucleotides'.
Question 4
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Watson and Crick are credited for the discovery that DNA

A
Is a double stranded helix

B
Is responsible for the synthesis of tRNA

C
Is a carrier of genetic information

D
Provides proof for the X-Y chromosomal theory of sex determination

Solution

The double-stranded helix structure was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick. They gave rise to modern molecular biology which is largely concerned with the understanding of how genes control the various chemical processes within the cell. DNA is the genetic material in most of the living organism. It is the carrier of genetic information but this was discovered by Watson and Crick.
So, the correct option is 'Is a double-stranded helix'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Which enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of a new strand for a DNA molecule by linking nucleotides to the developing strand?

A
DNA ligase

B
DNA polymerase

C
Single-strand binding proteins

D
Topoisomerase

Solution

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesis DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides which are the building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide contains a sugar molecule (deoxyribose sugar), a phosphate molecule, and any one of the nucleotides (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine). They basically help in DNA replication by working in pairs to form a new DNA molecule.
So, the correct option is 'DNA polymerase'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Which of the following is not a chemical component of deoxyribonucleic acid?

A
Thymine

B
A phosphate group

C
A pentose sugar

D
Uracil

Solution

Deoxyribonucleic acid typically consists of four nitrogen bases which are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine. In RNA, uracil is present instead of thymine. Uracil is not a chemical component of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
So, the correct option is 'Uracil'.
Question 7
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All of the following except are sources of change in the genome

A
Nondisjunction during meiosis

B
Gene mutations

C
Crossing over

D
Amniocentesis

Solution

A process in which amniotic fluid is sampled using a hollow needle inserted into the uterus, to screen for abnormalities in the developing fetus.
It is not part of the change in a genome, so the correct answer is D, amniocentesis.
Question 8
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Transcription is the transfer of genetic code from a DNA molecule to a

A
RNA molecule

B
Second DNA molecule

C
Ribosomal subunit

D
Sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule

Solution

Transcription is the process of transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA. It is the first step of gene expression where the genetic code is copied into the RNA (specifically mRNA). RNA sequences are complementary to the strand which is which is coded by RNA polymerase enzymes.
So, the correct option is 'RNA molecule'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
In DNA replication, the Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand are joined together by

A
DNA ligase

B
DNA polymerase

C
Primase

D
Helicase

Solution

DNA ligase is an enzyme that facilitates the joining of the strands of the DNA by assisting the formation of phosphodiester bonds between two nucleotides.
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that helps in DNA replication by the formation of deoxyribonucleotides, building blocks of DNA.
Primase is an enzyme that synthesis short RNA sequences called primers that help in the initiation of DNA synthesis.
Helicase is an enzyme that helps in winding and unwinding of the double-stranded structure of the DNA.
So, the correct option is 'DNA ligase'
Question 10
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Each codon calls for a specific

A
carbohydrate

B
polypeptide

C
amino acid

D
protein

Solution

A codon is a triplet sequence of nucleotides that codes for an amino acid or a stop codon during protein synthesis or translation. These codons are sequences of three DNA or RNA nucleotides.
So, the correct option is 'amino acid'.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 74

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 74

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Bases

Deoxysugars

Phosphates

Ribose sugars

Solution

Question 2

$$22$$nm

$$0.22$$mm

$$2.2$$m

$$22$$m

Solution

Question 3

Sequence of nucleotides

Base pairing

Turning pattern of the helix

Proportion of each base present

Solution

Question 4

Is a double stranded helix

Is responsible for the synthesis of tRNA

Is a carrier of genetic information

Provides proof for the X-Y chromosomal theory of sex determination

Solution

Question 5

DNA ligase

DNA polymerase

Single-strand binding proteins

Topoisomerase

Solution

Question 6

Thymine

A phosphate group

A pentose sugar

Uracil

Solution

Question 7

Nondisjunction during meiosis

Gene mutations

Crossing over

Amniocentesis

Solution

Question 8

RNA molecule

Second DNA molecule

Ribosomal subunit

Sequence of amino acids in a protein molecule

Solution

Question 9

DNA ligase

DNA polymerase

Primase

Helicase

Solution

Question 10

carbohydrate

polypeptide

amino acid

protein

Solution

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