Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 75

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Question 1
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Transcription involves

A
synthesizing the protein on the ribosome

B
transferring information contained in the DNA to mRNA

C
joining amino acids by peptide bonds

D
transferring information from the mRNA to tRNA

Solution

Transcription is a process in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into an RNA (mRNA) sequence. This process corresponds to transferring information contained in the DNA to mRNA using RNA polymerase enzyme.
So, the correct option is 'transferring information contained in the DNA to mRNA'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given.
A restriction enzyme breaks bonds between the

A
base pairs of a DNA molecule

B
sugar and phosphate components of a nucleic acid molecule

C
base pairs of a DNA-RNA hybrid molecule.

D
exons and introns of a DNA molecule

Solution

Restriction enzymes are the enzymes that have the capability to cleave the phosphodiester bonds between the sugar molecule and the phosphate molecule. It has a property of cleaving DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases. This is produced by certain strains of bacteria. Each restriction enzyme cleaves around a specific DNA sequence. Example: EcoR1 splices around sequence GAATTC, BamH1 cleaves around GGATCC, etc.
So, the correct option is 'sugar and phosphate components of a nucleic acid molecule'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Codons are

A
triplets coding for a single amino acid

B
alphabet of the genetic language

C
redundant in their coding for various amino acids

D
all of the above

Solution

Codons are the sequences of DNA or RNA which consists of three nucleotide bases and codes for specific amino acids. These codons are responsible for initiation as well as stopping of transcription (Formation of mRNA through DNA) and translation (Formation of proteins through mRNA) by different codons. Codons are also called the genetic language which is responsible for the flow of genetic information from one generation to another. They are said to be redundant as one codon may be responsible for different amino acids.
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which statement is not true about DNA replication in eukaryotes?

A
Replication of the entire genome takes about ten minutes

B
A replication fork occurs at each growing point of the. replicating chromosome

C
Eukaryotes have numerous different chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time

D
Replication occurs at the rate of about 500-5000 base pairs per minute

Solution

It takes almost 1 house for replication to complete in eukaryotes. The cells of humans and other eukaryotes have organized nuclei enclosing a set of chromosomes. The typical human chromosome has about 150 million base pairs that the cell replicates at the rate of 50 pairs per second. At that rate, it would take the cell over a month to copy a chromosome. The fact that it takes only one hour is because of multiple replication origins. Replication simultaneously proceeds from many different points on the chromosome, and enzymes join the sections together to form the final intact copy.
So, the correct option is 'Replication of the entire genome takes about ten minutes'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Replication of DNA is

A
semiconservative

B
requires the unwinding of the double helix

C
involves new complementary nucleotides forming base pairs and then joining to form new strands

D
all of the above.

Solution

The process by which DNA molecule makes its identical copies is known as DNA replication.DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. During replication, these strands are separated. DNA polymerase progressively adds deoxyribonucleotides to the 3'OH end of a growing polynucleotide chain. It is a semiconservative process,i.e., out of these two strands, present in one molecule, one is an old strand and other is a new one.
So, the correct option is 'all of the above'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Which is not true about the genetic code?

A
It is exactly the same in all organisms

B
It is composed of a tripletcode of three bases per codon

C
It produces 64 different possibilities of base sequences

D
It contains start and stop codons as instructions
Solution
- The genetic code is the coding sequence which constitutes three base pairs called as codons.
- These codons are responsible for the formation of specific proteins.
- There are 64 different codons that were introduced to produce different amino acids.
- These codons are different for the different organism, no two organisms have the same codons as they may be deleterious.
- These codes help in the transformation of genetic information from one generation to another by the process of translation (Protein synthesis).
- Start codons are the initiation site of translation where protein synthesis occurs while stop codons are those bases which stops the process of formation of proteins and are called as termination codons.
So, the correct option is 'It is exactly the same in all organisms'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which statement is not true about DNA replication in prokaryotes?

A
Replication begins at a single origin of replication

B
Replication is bidirectional from the origin(s)

C
Replication occurs at about 1 million base pairs per minute

D
There are numerous different bacterial chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time.
Solution
The bacterial genome is composed of a single chromosome in which DNA is folded. This chromosome is located in a region of the bacterial cytoplasm called the nucleoid.
Numerous chromosomes are found in eukaryotes where replication in these chromosomes takes place simultaneously.
So, the correct option is 'There are numerous different bacterial chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
Which of the following is not true of a codon?

A
It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule

B
It never codes for more than one amino acid

C
It may code for the same amino acid as another codon does

D
It consists of three nucleotides

Solution

A codon is the shortest sequence that consists of only three nucleotide bases. Each codon codes for only one amino acid. This means codons are universal in nature and will code for the same amino acid in all organisms.
A particular amino acid can be coded by more than one codon. Example: Arginine is coded by six codons CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG.
The codons are continuous and commaless in nature.
So, the correct option is 'It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given :
The creation of an RNA molecule from a section of DNA is known as

A
replication

B
RNA splicing

C
transcription

D
translation

Solution

Transcription is also called DNA dependent RNA synthesis where DNA acts as the template catalysed by the RNA polymerase enzyme. This enzyme adds complementary bases to the DNA sequences and finally produces mRNA as the product.
So, the correct option is 'transcription'.
Question 10
1 / -0

In a dsDNA number of phosphodiester bonds are $$3250$$, then find the number of base pairs.

A
$$1625$$

B
$$1626$$

C
$$3252$$

D
$$3250$$

Solution

If the number of base pairs in a DNA is n, then the number of phosphodiester bonds will be 2x(n-1), now according to the formula the number of base pairs will be 2x(n-1)=3250, the value of n will be 1626.
So, the correct option is '1626'.
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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 75

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 75

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Question 1

synthesizing the protein on the ribosome

transferring information contained in the DNA to mRNA

joining amino acids by peptide bonds

transferring information from the mRNA to tRNA

Solution

Question 2

base pairs of a DNA molecule

sugar and phosphate components of a nucleic acid molecule

base pairs of a DNA-RNA hybrid molecule.

exons and introns of a DNA molecule

Solution

Question 3

triplets coding for a single amino acid

alphabet of the genetic language

redundant in their coding for various amino acids

all of the above

Solution

Question 4

Replication of the entire genome takes about ten minutes

A replication fork occurs at each growing point of the. replicating chromosome

Eukaryotes have numerous different chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time

Replication occurs at the rate of about 500-5000 base pairs per minute

Solution

Question 5

semiconservative

requires the unwinding of the double helix

involves new complementary nucleotides forming base pairs and then joining to form new strands

all of the above.

Solution

Question 6

It is exactly the same in all organisms

It is composed of a tripletcode of three bases per codon

It produces 64 different possibilities of base sequences

It contains start and stop codons as instructions

Solution

Question 7

Replication begins at a single origin of replication

Replication is bidirectional from the origin(s)

Replication occurs at about 1 million base pairs per minute

There are numerous different bacterial chromosomes, with replication occurring in each at the same time.

Solution

Question 8

It extends from one end of a tRNA molecule

It never codes for more than one amino acid

It may code for the same amino acid as another codon does

It consists of three nucleotides

Solution

Question 9

replication

RNA splicing

transcription

translation

Solution

Question 10

$$1625$$

$$1626$$

$$3252$$

$$3250$$

Solution

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