Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 76

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Question 1
1 / -0

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA to RNA is termed as __________

A
replication

B
transcription

C
translation

D
reverse transcription

Solution

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as transcription. Unlike the process of replication, which once sets in, the total DNA of an organism gets duplicated, in transcription only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA.
Question 2
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given, Human genome consists of approximately

A
$$3 \, \times \, 10^9$$ bp

B
$$6 \, \times \, 10^9$$ bp

C
20,000 + 25,000 bp

D
$$2.2 \, \times \, 10^4$$ bp

Solution

The human genome contains 23 chromosomes. The DNA in the haploid set contains 3 billion base pairs.
So, the correct answer is '($$3\, \times \,10^9$$ bp)'
Question 3
1 / -0

Purines have nitrogen atoms at ______ positions.

A
1',3',7',9'

B
1',5',7',9'

C
1',3'

D
1',9'

Solution

The purine bases have a 9‐membered double‐ring system with four nitrogens and five carbons. The two-carbon nitrogen ring bases (adenine and guanine) are examples of purines.
So, the correct option is '1',3',7',9'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Which bonds are indicated by X and Y in the given diagram?

A
X - Glycosidic bond
Y - Hydrogen bond

B
X - Phosphodiester bond
Y - Hydrogen bond

C
X - Glycosidic bond
Y - Phosphodiester bond

D
X - Phosphodiester bond
Y - Glycosidic bond
Solution
- A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydroxyl groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.
- Guanine and cytosine make up a nitrogenous base pair because their available hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen bond acceptors pair with each other in space. Guanine and cytosine are said to be complementary to each other.
So, the correct answer is 'B'.
Question 5
1 / -0

B-DNA which is right-handed double helix contains ______ base pairs per turn of the helix and each turn is _______ long.

A
10, 3.4 $$\mathring {A} $$

B
10, 34 $$\mathring {A}$$

C
11, 20 $$\mathring {A}$$

D
11, 34 $$\mathring {A}$$

Solution

B-DNA is the most commonly found form of DNA in nature. This form of DNA is very narrow and elongated.
B-DNA contains 10 base pairs per turn and each turn is about 34 Å long.
So, the correct answer is '10, 34 Å'
Question 6
1 / -0

Which out of the following statements is incorrect?

A
Genetic code is ambiguous.

B
Genetic code is degenerate.

C
Genetic code is universal.

D
Genetic code is non-overlapping.

Solution

Since there are 64 triplet codons and only 20 amino acids, genetic code is non-ambiguous. Non-ambiguous code means that there is no ambiguity about a particular code. One codon specifies only one amino acid and not any other except GUG which normally codes for valine but in certain conditions it also codes for N-formyl methionine as initiation codon.
Question 7
1 / -0

Pyrimidines have nitrogen atoms at ____positions.

A
1',3',7',9'

B
1',5',7',9'

C
1',3'

D
1',9'

Solution

The pyrimidine bases have a 6‐membered ring with two nitrogens and four carbons. As it can be seen in the structure, pyrimidine have nitrogen atoms at 1', 3' positions.
So, the correct option is '1',3'.
Question 8
1 / -0

In a DNA molecule, the phosphate group is attached to ____carbon of the sugar residue of its own nucleotide and _____ carbon of the sugar residue of the next nucleotide by ____bonds.

A
5', 3', phosphodiester

B
5', 3', glycosidic

C
3', 5', phosphodiester

D
3', 5', glycosidic

Solution

A deoxyribonucleotide of DNA is formed by cross- linking of three chemicals - deoxyribose sugar $$(C_5H_{10}O_4)$$,a nitrogen base and phosphoric acid $$(H_3PO_4)$$. The backbone of a DNA strand is build up of alternate deoxyribose and phosphoric acid groups. The phosphate group is connected to carbon $$5'$$ of the sugar residue of its own nucleotide and carbon $$3'$$ of the sugar residue of the next nucleotide by phosphodiester bonds.
So, the correct answer is '5', 3', phosphodiester'.
Question 9
1 / -0

The amino acid attaches to the tRNA at its

A
5' - end

B
3' - end

C
Anticodon site

D
DHU loop

Solution

tRNA has anticodon loop that has bases complementary to the code, it also has an amino acid acceptor end by which it binds to amino acids. The site lies at the 3' end opposite the anticodon in tRNAs are specific for each amino acid.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following Is correct regarding genetic code?

A
UUU is the initiation codon which also codes for phenylalanine.

B
There are 64 triplet codons and only 20 amino adds.

C
Three random nitrogen bases specify the placement of one amino acid.

D
UAA is the nonsense codon which also codes for methionine.

Solution

Once transcription and processing of rRNAs, tRNAs and snRNAs are completed, the RNAs are ready to be used in the cell ‑ assembled into ribosomes or snRNPs and used in splicing and protein synthesis. But the mature mRNA is not yet functional to the cell. It must be translated into the encoded protein. The nucleotide triplet that encodes an amino acid is called a codon. Each group of three nucleotides encodes one amino acid. Since there are 64 combinations of 4 nucleotides taken three at a time and only 20 amino acids, the code is degenerate (more than one codon per amino acid, in most cases). The adaptor molecule for translation is tRNA. A charged tRNA has an amino acid at one end, and at the other end it has an anticodon for matching a codon in the mRNA. The machinery for synthesizing proteins under the direction of template mRNA is the ribosome.
So the correct option is 'there are 64 triple codons and only 20 amino adds'.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 76

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 76

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Question 1

replication

transcription

translation

reverse transcription

Solution

Question 2

$$3 \, \times \, 10^9$$ bp

$$6 \, \times \, 10^9$$ bp

20,000 + 25,000 bp

$$2.2 \, \times \, 10^4$$ bp

Solution

Question 3

1',3',7',9'

1',5',7',9'

1',3'

1',9'

Solution

Question 4

X - Glycosidic bondY - Hydrogen bond

X - Phosphodiester bondY - Hydrogen bond

X - Glycosidic bondY - Phosphodiester bond

X - Phosphodiester bondY - Glycosidic bond

Solution

Question 5

10, 3.4 $$\mathring {A} $$

10, 34 $$\mathring {A}$$

11, 20 $$\mathring {A}$$

11, 34 $$\mathring {A}$$

Solution

Question 6

Genetic code is ambiguous.

Genetic code is degenerate.

Genetic code is universal.

Genetic code is non-overlapping.

Solution

Question 7

1',3',7',9'

1',5',7',9'

1',3'

1',9'

Solution

Question 8

5', 3', phosphodiester

5', 3', glycosidic

3', 5', phosphodiester

3', 5', glycosidic

Solution

Question 9

5' - end

3' - end

Anticodon site

DHU loop

Solution

Question 10

UUU is the initiation codon which also codes for phenylalanine.

There are 64 triplet codons and only 20 amino adds.

Three random nitrogen bases specify the placement of one amino acid.

UAA is the nonsense codon which also codes for methionine.

Solution

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X - Glycosidic bond
Y - Hydrogen bond

X - Phosphodiester bond
Y - Hydrogen bond

X - Glycosidic bond
Y - Phosphodiester bond

X - Phosphodiester bond
Y - Glycosidic bond