Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 77

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

The sequencing of the entire genome (the totality of all genes) of an organism was completed in 1996. The organism was

A
Human being

B
Yeast

C
Albino mouse

D
Plasmodium vivax

Solution

The sequencing of the entire genome of an organism was completed in 1996 and the organism was yeast.
So, the correct option is 'Yeast'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given :
An organism uses 20 amino acids while its DNA is made up of 6 types of nitrogenous bases. What would be the minimum size of a codon?

A
6

B
4

C
3

D
2

Solution

As there are 20 amino acids thus there must be at least 20 unique combinations of the bases. If the code is singlet i.e., consists of only one base then possible codons can be (6)1=6, which is far less than the required number i.e., 20. If the code is doublet (made up of combination of two bases) then the possible codons can be (6)2=36. 36 is sufficient (even more) than the required number. Here some amino acid could be coded by more than one codon and some codons will function as start and stop codons.
So, the correct answer is ''2'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given :
In a DNA strand the nucleotides are linked together by

A
Glycosidic bonds

B
Phosphodiester bonds

C
Peptide bonds

D
Hydrogen bonds

Solution

A nucleotide has three components - nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar ribose in case of RNA and deoxyribose for DNA) and a phosphate group. There are two types of nitrogenous bases - Purines (Adenine and Guanine) and Pyrimidines (Cytosine and Thymine). A nitrogenous base is linked to the pentose sugar through a N-glycosidic linkage to form a nucleoside. When a phosphate group is linked to 5 -OH of a nucleoside through phosphodiester linkage, a corresponding nucleotide is formed. The nucleotides are linked through 3-5 phosphodiester linkage to form a dinucleotide.
So, the correct answer is 'Phosphodiester bonds'.
Question 4
1 / -0

Choose the correct answer from the alternatives given :
The semi-conservative nature of DNA replication was established by Meselson and Stahl in their classic experiment with bacteria They grew bacteria in $$N^{15} \, - \, NH_4Cl$$ containing medium, washed and then incubated in fresh medium with $$N^{14}$$ - containing compounds and allowed to grow for three generations. $$C_5Cl$$ density gradient centrifugation of isolated DNA established the nature of semiconservative DNA Replication. The pictorial representation below shows the position of differentially labeled DNA in $$C_5Cl$$ density gradient. Had the DNA replication been conservative, what would have been the pattern?

A

B

C

D
Solution
Correct option: C

Explanation:
If the replication had been conservative then the two strands of DNA would have been preserved in one daughter cell and in other an entirely new DNA would have been formed. Hence no hybrid N14/N15 DNA would have been observed.
As the bacteria are grown for one generation in N15 medium and then for three generations in N14 medium, therefore, the amount of N14 DNA will be more than that of N15 DNA.
So, the correct answer is 'C'.
Question 5
1 / -0

One of the following is true with respect to AUG

A
it codes for methionine only

B
it is also an initiation codon

C
it codes for methionine in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

D
all of the above

Solution

AUG one of the codes in the genetic code is the initiation code which means that it is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome. The start codon always codes for methionine an amino acid and is universal and codes for the same in both the prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
SO, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Find the sequence of binding of the following amino acyl-tRNA complexes during translation of an mRNA transcribed by a DNA segment having the base sequence 3'TACATGGGTCCG5'. Choose the answer showing the correct order of alphabets.

A
P, Q, S, R

B
Q, P, S, R

C
P, Q, R, S

D
Q, P, R, S
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following biologists has been dubbed as the architect of molecular biology?

A
Francis Crick

B
Frederick Sanger

C
Jacques Lucien Monod

D
James Watson

Solution

The advent of molecular biology and the discovery of DNA (Watson and Crick, 1953) provided techniques.
So, the correct option is 'Francis Crick'.
Question 8
1 / -0

Which of the following option shows correct matching of Column - I and Column - II.
Column - I Column - II
(i) Degeneration codon (a) AUG
(ii) Initiation codon (b) UAG
(iii) Non - sense codons (c) AGU
(iv) Anti codon (UCA) (d) AGA

A
(i - c) (ii - b) (iii - a) (iv - d)

B
(i - d) (ii - a) (iii - b) (iv - c)

C
(i - b) (ii - d) (iii - a) (iv - c)

D
(i - d) (ii - c) (iii - b) (iv - a)

Solution

Degeneration codon is a codon which along with other codon/s specify for a single amino acid. AGA codes for arginine amino acid. The same amino acid is encoded by AGG, CGA, CGC, CGG, CGT codons. Initiation codon is the first codon of the mRNA. AUG is an initiation codon that codes for methionine. Non-sense codons causes termination of translation. There are 3 non-sense codons, namely UAG, UAA and UGA. Anti codon is a region present on tRNA that is complementary to a codon in the mRNA. Anti codon for TCA is AGU.
Thus, the correct answer is '(i - d) (ii - a) (iii - b) (iv - c).'
Question 9
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The toxin produced by the bacteria that is responsible for the development of diarrhea is produced by a section of DNA that has the code CCT TAT CAG. The sequence of amino acids produced by this sequence is ____________.

A
Glycine - isoleucine - aspartic acid

B
Glycine - isoleucine - valine

C
Glycine - tyrosine - valine

D
Glycine - tyrosine - isoleucine

Solution

$$\begin{array}{l}CCT\,GGU \to Giu\\TAT\,AUA \to Iso\\CAG\,GUC \to Val\end{array}$$
Question 10
1 / -0

Teminism is same as _____.

A
Transcription

B
Translation

C
Reverse transcription

D
DNA synthesis
Solution
- Teminism is a theory. It is popularly known as reverse transcription.
- It is discovered by Temin and Baltimore in 1978. In molecular biology, Teminism theory explains that RNA can act as a template for the DNA formation, that is, DNA can be synthesized from RNA.
- Thus teminism is same as reverse transcription.
So, the correct answer is 'Reverse transcription'.