Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 82

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Transfer of information from a molecule of DNA to mRNA called as ....... process

A
Transcription

B
Translocation

C
Mutation

D
Translation
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following statements is not incorrect?

A
According to Watson-Crick model, DNA exists as a double helix, in which two strands of polynucleotides are parallel i.e. run in same direction.

B
All types of pyrimidines are present in DNA, while only one type of pyrimidine is present in RNA

C
In a nucleic acid a phosphate moiety links the $$3'$$- carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide to the $$5'$$ carbon of the sugar of succeeding nucleotide

D
In a nucleic acid, the bond between the phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar is a glycosidic bond
Question 3
1 / -0

Find the nucleotide sequence of the MRNA which codes for the sequence of amino acids - 'Met - Leu - Val - Arg - Ala' and choose the correct option from below :

A
AUG - GAU - GAA - UAU - UGU

B
AUG - GAU - GAA - CGU - GCC

C
AUG - CUA - GUG - UAU - UGU

D
AUG - CUA - GUG - CGU - GCC

Solution

AUG-Methionine, CUA - leucine, GUG- valine ,CGU- Arginine ,GCC- Alanine
So, the correct answer is 'AUG - CUA - GUG - CGU - GCC'
Question 4
1 / -0

DNA polymerase links nucleotide by forming which type of bond.

A
Phosphodiester bond

B
Hydrogen bond

C
Glycosidic bond

D
Ester bond
Solution
- DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides(the building blocks of DNA).
- DNA adds nucleotides one by one to the growing DNA chain through the phosphodiester bond formation, incorporating only those that are complementary to the template. Phosphodiester bonds in DNA polymers connect the 5' carbon of one nucleotide to the 3' carbon of another.
- Hence DNA polymerase links nucleotide by forming Phosphodiester bond.
- So, the correct answer is 'Phosphodiester bond'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Correct sequence for Alanine code is

A
GCU, GCC, GCA

B
GAU, GAC, GAA

C
AGU, AGC, AGA

D
GUU, GUC, GUA

Solution

The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or mRNA sequences) into proteins. The genetic code is usually present in a triplet. The code for the synthesis of alanine is GCU, GCC, GCA, GCG.
So, the correct answer is 'GCU, GCC, GCA'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Select the wrong statement.

A
The human genome contains $$3164.7$$ million nucleotide bases

B
Less than $$10\%$$ of the genome codes for protein

C
Repeated sequences make up very large portion of the human genome

D
Chromosome $$1$$ has most genes $$(2968)$$ and Y has the fewest $$(231)$$

Solution

A human being has an estimated 30,000 genes located on 46 chromosomes (23 pairs). These genes are known, collectively, as the human genome, with a total of about 3 billion DNA base pairs. Thus, option A is correct.

Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes, which carry the instructions for making proteins. Each of the estimated 30,000 genes in the human genome makes an average of three proteins. Protein-coding sequences (specifically, coding exons) constitute less than 1.5% of the human genome. Aside from genes (exons and introns) and known regulatory sequences (8–20%), the human genome contains regions of noncoding DNA. More than 90 percent of the genome is noncoding DNA, sometimes called "junk" DNA, that has no known function. Therefore, option B seems correct.

Repeated Sequences (also known as repetitive elements or repeats) are patterns of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies (in arrays of tandemly repeated sequence or dispersed repeats) throughout the genome. They have been recognized as a potential source of genetic variation and regulation, with over two-thirds of a sequence consisting of repetitive elements in humans. Thus, Option C is correct.

Chromosome 1 is the largest human chromosome, representing approximately 8 percent of the total DNA in cells. Two copies of chromosome 1, one copy inherited from each parent, form one of the pairs, containing around 2000 genes that provide instructions for making different proteins.
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in humans (the other is the X chromosome). The Y chromosome (found in males) represents almost 2 percent of the total DNA in cells. It likely contains 60-70 genes that provide instructions for making proteins, involved in male sex determination and development. Therefore, Option D although correct shows wrong numbers.
Question 7
1 / -0

The codon on mRNA are CAU-CCU-AAA-CUG.
Identify the correct sequence of amino acid

A
$$His-Pro-Lys-Leu$$

B
$$Pro-His-Lys-Leu$$

C
$$His-Pro-Leu-Lys$$

D
$$Pro-Leu-Lys-His$$

Solution

The correct sequence of amino acids is CAU-Histidine,CCU-Proline,AAA-Lysine,CUG-Leucine
So, the correct answer is 'His−Pro−Lys−Leu'
Question 8
1 / -0

The genetic code of proline are?

A
CCC CCG CCU

B
CUU UCA CUG

C
GUU GUC GUG

D
GGU GUC GGA
Solution
- The genetic code consists of 64 triplets of nucleotides. These triplets are called codons. With three exceptions, each codon encodes for one of the 20
amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins.
Proline is a proteinogenic amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Proline is an essential component of collagen, and therefore is vital for the proper functioning of joints and tendons. Besides, this amino acid helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles.
The genetic code of proline is CCC CCG CCU.
So, the correct answer is 'CCC CCG CCU'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Name the enzyme that facilitates opening of DNA helix during transcription.

A
DNA helicase

B
DNA polymerase

C
RNA polymerase

D
DNA ligase
Solution
- RNA polymerase facilitates opening of DNA helix during transcription.
- Thus, the correct answer is (C).
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of the following statements explains DNA as the preferred hereditary material, in comparison to RNA?
i. RNA has a 2-OH group at every nucleotide which makes it highly reactive.
ii. DNA is double stranded hence is neither reactive nor labile.
iii. DNA can readily undergo mutation resulting in faster evolution and adaptability.
iv. DNA can catalyse various physiological reactions.

A
i and ii

B
iii and iv

C
i and iii

D
ii and iv

Solution

DNA is preferred as the hereditary material instead of RNA because it is double-stranded hence more stable at varying temperatures and pH. At high temperatures, the strands undergo separation transiently. It is less reactive, the stability is due to complementary base pairing and Hydrogen bonding. Complementary base pairing also helps repair abrupt mutations in the DNA strand. Therefore, organisms with DNA as genetic material evolve at a slower pace as compared to those with RNA as hereditary material like viruses. DNA does not catalyse physiological reactions, RNA does and those RNA are known as Ribozymes.
So, the correct answer is I and II.

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 82

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 82

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Question 1

Transcription

Translocation

Mutation

Translation

Question 2

According to Watson-Crick model, DNA exists as a double helix, in which two strands of polynucleotides are parallel i.e. run in same direction.

All types of pyrimidines are present in DNA, while only one type of pyrimidine is present in RNA

In a nucleic acid a phosphate moiety links the $$3'$$- carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide to the $$5'$$ carbon of the sugar of succeeding nucleotide

In a nucleic acid, the bond between the phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar is a glycosidic bond

Question 3

AUG - GAU - GAA - UAU - UGU

AUG - GAU - GAA - CGU - GCC

AUG - CUA - GUG - UAU - UGU

AUG - CUA - GUG - CGU - GCC

Solution

Question 4

Phosphodiester bond

Hydrogen bond

Glycosidic bond

Ester bond

Solution

Question 5

GCU, GCC, GCA

GAU, GAC, GAA

AGU, AGC, AGA

GUU, GUC, GUA

Solution

Question 6

The human genome contains $$3164.7$$ million nucleotide bases

Less than $$10\%$$ of the genome codes for protein

Repeated sequences make up very large portion of the human genome

Chromosome $$1$$ has most genes $$(2968)$$ and Y has the fewest $$(231)$$

Solution

Question 7

$$His-Pro-Lys-Leu$$

$$Pro-His-Lys-Leu$$

$$His-Pro-Leu-Lys$$

$$Pro-Leu-Lys-His$$

Solution

Question 8

CCC CCG CCU

CUU UCA CUG

GUU GUC GUG

GGU GUC GGA

Solution

Question 9

DNA helicase

DNA polymerase

RNA polymerase

DNA ligase

Solution

Question 10

i and ii

iii and iv

i and iii

ii and iv

Solution

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