Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test

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Molecular Basis of Inheritance Test - 96

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Question 1
1 / -0

What is the relationship between the nucleotide triplets and the amino acids called?

A
Genetic code

B
Transcription

C
Translation

D
Replication
Solution
A.Correct option -A
B.Explanation for correct option -A
- The relationship between the nucleotide triplets and the amino acids is called a genetic code.
- This determines the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that are to be synthesized.
Question 2
1 / -0

The semi dwarf wheat varities are develop from the introduction of dwarf gene.

A
Lerma

B
$$Norin-10$$

C
$$Norin-q$$

D
Both $$(2)$$ and $$(3)$$
Question 3
1 / -0

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl grew E. coli(doubling time is $$20$$min) in medium containing $$^{15}NH_4Cl$$ for many generations. Then the E. coli was transferred to medium containing $$^{14}NH_4Cl$$. After $$40$$ minutes, the cells were harvested and DNA was extracted and subjected to cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The proportion of light and hybrid DNA densities will be.

A
$$50\%$$ light and $$50\%$$ hybrid DNA

B
$$100\%$$ light DNA

C
$$100\%$$ hybrid DNA

D
$$25\%$$ light and $$75\%$$ hybrid DNA
Solution
- DNA shows a semi-conservative method of replication.
- If the culture of E. coli containing $$^{15}$$N is added in a medium containing $$^{14}$$NH$$_4$$Cl, after 20 minutes (first generation), only hybrid DNA will be present in the medium. After 40 minutes (second generation), there will be 50% light and 50% hybrid DNA in the medium.
- Hence, upon density gradient centrifugation, two bands are observed, one of light DNA and one of hybrid DNA.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 4
1 / -0

Suppose evolution on earth has occurred in such a way that there are 96 amino acids instead of 20 and DNA has 12 different types of nitrogen bases. DNA synthesis however occurs in the same way as today. The minimum number of bases per DNA codon would be

A
12

B
8

C
2

D
3
Solution
Correct Option-C
Explanation-
- Evolution has occurred in such a way that there are 96 amino acids instead of 20 and DNA has 12 different types of nitrogen bases.
- We can clearly know if only one base form one amino acid, there would be only 12 amino acids.
- Suppose, 2 bases make one amino acid, then the total number of amino acids will be = $$(12)^{2}$$= 144
- So, 2 bases in a pair are sufficient to make 96 amino acids.
- Hence, the correct option is C.
Question 5
1 / -0

Find out the right combination of primers in a PCR to amplify the DNA product

A

B

C

D

Solution

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA, generating thousands to millions of copies.
In PCR, there are two DNA primers that are complementary to the 3' (three prime) ends of each of the sense and anti-sense strands of the DNA target.
Both the primers are placed only at the two 3' ends and not at the 5' ends.
So, the answer is B.
Question 6
1 / -0

In an in vitro translation experiment, poly(UC) RNA template produced poly(Ser-Leu), while poly(AG) RNA template produced poly (Arg-Glu) polypeptide. Which one of the following options represents correct interpretations of the codons assignments for Ser, Leu, Arg, and Glu.

A
Ser-UCU, Leu-CUG, Arg-AGA, Glu-GAG

B
Ser-CUC, Leu-GAG, Arg-UCU, Glu-AGA

C
Ser-AGA, Leu-UCU, Arg-GAG, Glu-CUC

D
Ser-GAG, Leu-AGA, Arg-CUC, Glu-UCU

Solution

A poly(UC) RNA has nucleotide sequence UCUCUCUCUCUC. It codes for amino acid sequence poly(Ser-Leu).
As we know, three codon codes for an amino acid. Hence, in this case, first three codons, that is UCU codes for Ser. The next three codons, that is CUC codes for Leu.
Similarly, a poly(AG) RNA has nucleotide sequence AGAGAGAGAG. It codes for amino acid sequence poly(Arg-Glu).
As we know, three codon codes for an amino acid. Hence, in this case, first three codons, that is AGA codes for Arg. The next three codons, that is GAG codes for Glu.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 7
1 / -0

The human genome contains (a) billion nucleotide bases. The average gene consists of (b) bases. Which option is correct for a & b?

A
$$a = 3, b = 3000$$

B
$$a = 5, b = 3000$$

C
$$a = 3, b = 2000$$

D
$$a = 4, b = 3000$$

Solution

The Human Genome Project revealed that human genome consists of about 3 billion base pairs which reside in 23 pairs of chromosomes. The average gene consists of about 3000 bases.
So, the correct answer is A.
Question 8
1 / -0

RNA polymerase subunit that recognises and binds to promoter is

A
$$\alpha$$-subunit

B
$$\beta$$-subunit

C
$$\gamma$$-subunit

D
$$\sigma$$-subunit

Solution

DNA-directed RNA polymerases (also known as DNA-dependent RNA polymerases) are responsible for the polymerization of ribonucleotides into a sequence complementary to the template DNA.
RNA polymerases are enzymes and are composed of a variable number of subunits.
(1) α subunit initiates and activates the core assembly to form a platform on which the beta subunits can interact.
(2) β subunit is involved in chain initiation and catalysis of polynucleotide formation in the template-dependent manner.
(3) γ subunit facilitates assembly of RNA polymerase (RNAP) and stabilizes assembled RNAP.
(4) σ subunit/ factor is a protein needed only for initiation of RNA synthesis. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoters.
So, the answer is D.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following statements about DNA replication is not correct?

A
Unwinding of the DNA molecule occurs as hydrogen bonds break

B
Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it

C
Process is known as semiconservative replication because one old strand is conserved in the new molecule

D
Complementary base pairs are held together with hydrogen bonds

Solution

DNA is made up of a double helix of two complementary strands. During replication, these strands are separated. Each strand of the original DNA molecule then serves as a template for the production of its counterpart, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. Each nucleotide base of DNA is paired with another base with the help of hydrogen bond. There are two types of bases, purine (Adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine) and they are paired always against each other. Hence adenine is always paired with thymine while guanine is paired with cytosine.
So, the correct option is 'Replication occurs as each base is paired with another exactly like it'.
Question 10
1 / -0

During protein synthesis in an organism at one point the process comes to a halt. Select the group of the three codons from the following, from which any one of the three could bring about this halt.

A
$$UUU,UCC,UAC$$

B
$$UUC,UUA,UAC$$

C
$$UAG,UGA,UAA$$

D
$$UUG,UCA,UCG$$

Solution

Stop codon are sequences of DNA transcribed as RNA that stop translation or halt protein synthesis, this typically occurs when protein synthesis is completed. There are three RNA stop : UAG, UAA, and UGA
So, the correct answer is 'UAG,UGA,UAA'