Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 15

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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The process by which organism with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called

A
Natural selection.

B
Convergent evolution.

C
Non-random evolution.

D
Adaptive radiation.

Solution

Convergent evolution is the process, whereby, organisms no closely related independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches.
Natural selection is the gradual process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment.
In Non-random evolution, genetic variants that aid survival and reproduction are much more likely to become common than variants that don't.
Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B), 'Convergent evolution'.
Question 2
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In Hardy-Weinberg equation, the frequency of heterozygous individual is represented by

A
pq

B
$$q^2$$

C
$$p^2$$

D
$$2$$pq

Solution

(A) Correct option (D)
(B) Explanation of correct answer:
According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, allele frequencies in a population are stable and remain constant from generation to generation. This can be stated mathematically as follows:
p²+2pq+q²=1
or (p+q)2=1
Where p² is the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype, 2pq is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype, and q² is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype.
Question 3
1 / -0

In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is

A
0.4

B
0.5

C
0.6

D
0.7
Solution
Correct Option: C
Explanation:
According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
Equation: p2 +2pq + q2 = 1
where,
p2 is the frequency of homozygous genotype AA
q2 is the frequency of genotype aa
2pq is the frequency of genotype Aa
There are 1000 individuals, out of which 360 belong to genotype AA.
p2 =360/1000 = 0.36
Then p = 0.6.
So, the correct answer is '0.6'.
Question 4
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The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by _________.

A
Random mating

B
Lack of migration

C
Lack of mutations

D
Lack of random mating
Solution
- The Hardy-Weinberg principle provides the mathematical framework for genetic equilibrium. Genetic equilibrium describes the condition of an allele or genotype in a gene pool (such as a population) where the frequency does not change from generation to generation.
- Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determining whether and in what ways populations may deviate from it.
- The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by a number of forces, including mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, genetic drift, and gene flow (immigration, emigration, or migration).
Hence, the lack of random mating will lead to disturbance in genetic equilibrium.
Question 5
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A population will not exist in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if

A
There is no migration.

B
The population is large.

C
Individuals mate selectively.

D
There are no mutations.

Solution

The HardyWeinberg principle, also known as the HardyWeinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences. These influences include mate choice, mutation, selection, genetic drift, gene flow and meiotic drive. Because one or more of these influences are typically present in real populations, the HardyWeinberg principle describes an ideal condition against which the effects of these influences can be analyzed.
Question 6
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The chronological order of human evolution from early to the recent is

A
Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Australopithceus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

B
Australopithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

C
Australopithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

D
Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Australopithceus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

Solution

Ramapithecus (12.2million years old in the Miocene) has human-like jaw and are supposed to be first branched off from apes lineage that gradually evolved into modern man. Australopithecus, a hominid that lived 4.5 to 4 million years ago, was discovered in 1924 from South Africa and hence is also called as “Southern ape of Africa”. Genus homo consists of six members out of whom Homo habilis (2.3 mya) is the oldest one characterized by small stature with a larger brain and smaller molars and premolars than Australopithecus which are considered to be immediate ancestor of the genus homo. Fossils of Homo erectus (1.7 mya) were discovered from Pleistocene rocks of Central Jawa and hence the name Jawa man. Also known as Peking man, they are supposed to be the first one to use fire.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
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Match the hominids with their correct brain size.

a) Homo habilis (i) $$900$$ cc
b) Homo neanderthalensis (ii) $$1350$$ cc
c) Homo erectus (iii) $$650-800$$ cc
d) Homo sapiens (iv) $$1400$$ cc

Select the correct option.

A
a)-(iii), b)-(i), c)-(iv), d)-(ii)

B
a)-(iii), b)-(ii), c)-(i), d)-(iv)

C
a)-(iii), b)-(iv), c)-(i), d)-(ii)

D
a)-(iv), b)-(iii), c)-(i), d)-(ii)
Solution
- The correct match of hominids and their brain sizes are:
- Homo habilis - $$650-800$$ cc
- Homo neanderthalensis - $$1400$$ cc
- Homo erectus - $$900$$ cc
- Homo sapiens - $$1350$$ cc.
So, the correct answer is 'a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)'
Question 8
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The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an example of

A
Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.

B
Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.

C
Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.

D
Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.

Solution

Analogous organs are organs similar in shape and function but their origin, basic plan an development are dissimilar. Such similarities are because of convergent evolution for adaptation to a common condition.
Example: Eye of octopus and eye of cat; wing of bird and wing of bat.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the origin of life?
I. Formation of protobionts
II. Synthesis of organic monomers
III. Synthesis of organic polymers
IV. Formation of DNA-based genetic systems

A
II, III, I, IV

B
II, III, IV, I

C
I, II, III, IV

D
I, III, II, IV

Solution

The primitive reducing atmosphere of earth was rich in water vapour, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen. UV light, high temperature and lightening served as sources of energy for chemical reactions between above mentioned gases to form simple organic compounds such as sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, glycerols and nucleotides (II). These simple organic compounds were washed from atmosphere to ocean through rain. They served as monomers for formation of complex organic compounds in ocean (III). This was followed by assemblage of organic polymers to form protobionts (I). RNA serves as first genetic material which was then replaced by DNA as later is most stable and less reactive (IV).
Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
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Wings of pigeon, mosquito and bat shows

A
Atavism

B
Mutation

C
Divergent evolution

D
Convergent evolution

Solution

Wings of birds, insects, mammals are analogous organs, i.e., have same function and different structure. The similarity developed in distantly related groups is an adaptation for the same function. So, it is analogy or convergent evolution.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

a) Homo habilis	(i) $$900$$ cc
b) Homo neanderthalensis	(ii) $$1350$$ cc
c) Homo erectus	(iii) $$650-800$$ cc
d) Homo sapiens	(iv) $$1400$$ cc

I.	Formation of protobionts
II.	Synthesis of organic monomers
III.	Synthesis of organic polymers
IV.	Formation of DNA-based genetic systems

Evolution Test - 15

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Evolution Test - 15

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Question 1

Natural selection.

Convergent evolution.

Non-random evolution.

Adaptive radiation.

Solution

Question 2

pq

$$q^2$$

$$p^2$$

$$2$$pq

Solution

Question 3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

Solution

Question 4

Random mating

Lack of migration

Lack of mutations

Lack of random mating

Solution

Question 5

There is no migration.

The population is large.

Individuals mate selectively.

There are no mutations.

Solution

Question 6

Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Australopithceus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

Australopithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

Australopithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

Ramapithecus $$\rightarrow$$ Australopithceus $$\rightarrow$$ Homo habilis $$\rightarrow$$ Homo erectus

Solution

Question 7

a)-(iii), b)-(i), c)-(iv), d)-(ii)

a)-(iii), b)-(ii), c)-(i), d)-(iv)

a)-(iii), b)-(iv), c)-(i), d)-(ii)

a)-(iv), b)-(iii), c)-(i), d)-(ii)

Solution

Question 8

Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.

Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.

Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution.

Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution.

Solution

Question 9

II, III, I, IV

II, III, IV, I

I, II, III, IV

I, III, II, IV

Solution

Question 10

Atavism

Mutation

Divergent evolution

Convergent evolution

Solution

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