Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 24

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Question 1
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The closest relative of modern man is considered to be

A
Chimpanzee

B
Orangutan

C
Apes

D
Gibbon

Solution

Various lines of evidence indicate that our closest relatives are chimpanzees, followed by gorillas and then orangutans, and then gibbons. The closest relative of modern man is considered to be chimpanze on the basis of:
(i) Similar cultivate friendship.
(ii) Similar numerical memory span.
(iii) Similar blood proteins.
So, the correct answer is 'Chimpanzee'.
Question 2
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Mass extinction at the end of Mesozoic era was probably due to

A
Continental drift

B
The collision of earth with large meteorites

C
Massive glaciations

D
Change in earth's orbit

Solution

Huge meteorites struck earth somewhere around modern Mexico. These meteorites were rich in Iridium an element rare on earth. Strike of meteorites brought in a number of drastic changes in environment and climate and set in huge forest fires. All of these changes might be associated with mass extinction at the end of Mesozoic era. However, an alternative view is that meteorites did strike earth, and mass extinction had happened before the strike of meteorites and meteorites strike was not the cause of mass extinction. Exactly what happened, we still do not know.
Question 3
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Common origin of man and chimpanzee is best shown by

A
Dental formula

B
Cranial capacity

C
Binocular vision

D
Chromosome number

Solution

The chromosomes of man and chimpanzee are quite similar. The number of
chromosomes in chimpanzee is 48 and in man is 46, which reduce due to fusion of 2 chromosomes. Further, banding pattern of many chromosomes is the same in humans and apes like chimpanzee. In fact, humans and chimpanzee show only a slight difference in banding pattern in chromosome number 3 and 6.
So, the correct answer is 'Chromosome number'
Question 4
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Which of the following is the earliest era?

A
Coenozoic

B
Mesozoic

C
Paleozoic

D
Pre-cambrian

Solution

Geological Time scale is the vast expanse of geological time has been separated into eras, periods, and epochs.
All geologic time before the beginning of the Paleozoic era is known as Precambrian era. This includes about 90% of all geologic time and spans the time from the beginning of the earth, about 4.5 billion years ago, to 544 million years ago. It is the largest span of time in Earth's history. Hence, option D is correct.
Question 5
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During evolution of man, many changes have taken place in his ancestral character. Which one of the following is an unsignificant change?

A
Change of diet from hard tough fruits and roots into soft food.

B
Qualitative improvement in the structure of hands skills for making tools.

C
Disappearance of tail.

D
Improvement in speech for communication and social behaviour.

Solution

Tail in present day man is a vestigial organ. All chordates including man have a well developed post anal tail. Change in diet brought about changes in dental and facial make up and other anatomical changes and development of voice were important events during evolution of man. Disappearance of tail was a minor anatomical improvement that finally lead to bipedal locomotion and upright posture.
Question 6
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In case of a man, when the entire sole rests on the ground during walking, it is known as

A
Plantigrade

B
Digitigrade

C
Perikaryon

D
Hallux

Solution

In terrestrial animals, plantigrade locomotion means walking with the podials and metatarsals flat on the ground. It is one of three forms of locomotion adopted by terrestrial mammals. The other options are digitigrade, walking on the toes with the heel and wrist permanently raised, and unguligrade, walking on the nail or nails of the toes (the hoof) with the heel/wrist and the digits permanently raised.
Question 7
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Some pairs of characters are listed below. The homologous pair is:

A
Forelimbs of dog and gulls

B
Insect wing and bat wing

C
Feathers of birds and fins of fish

D
Lens of vertebrate and arthropod
Solution
- Homologous structures are similar because they have been inherited from a common ancestor, e.g., forelimbs of dog and camel, have both evolved from a common ancestral mammal but have different functions.
- Gulls belong to aves where the forelimbs are modified into wings which help them to fly while forelimbs of the dog help to run.
- So, the correct answer is option A.
Question 8
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Parallelism is

A
Adaptive divergence in evolution

B
Adaptive convergence of widely different species in evolution

C
Adaptive convergence of closely related species in evolution

D
None of the above

Solution

Parallelism is the parallel evolution. It is an adaptive convergence of closely related species in evolution. It is an independent evolution that results in the development of a similar trait in species having same ancestral origin. An example of parallelism is eye of human and octopus. These two species diverged at the time animals evolved into vertebrates and invertebrates.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 9
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Which of the following is common to whale, seal and shark?

A
Seasonal migration

B
Thick subcutaneous fat

C
Convergent evolution

D
Homoeothermy

Solution

Convergent evolution : The appearance of apparently similar structures in organisms of different lines of descent. It is common to whale, seal and shark.
Question 10
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Role of isolation in evolution is

A
Differentiation of species

B
Maintenance of species

C
Evolutionary divergence

D
Extermination of species

Solution

Speciation that occurs when one population becomes geographically separated from the rest of the species and subsequently evolves by natural selection and /or genetic drift is known as allopatric speciation.
Allopatric speciation is the most common method of speciation and accounts for almost all evolution of new animal species.
Differentiation of species is a wrong option because individuals show differentiation not species. Isolation is not related to maintenance or extermination of species.
So, the correct answer is 'Evolutionary divergence'

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Evolution Test - 24

Result

Evolution Test - 24

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Chimpanzee

Orangutan

Apes

Gibbon

Solution

Question 2

Continental drift

The collision of earth with large meteorites

Massive glaciations

Change in earth's orbit

Solution

Question 3

Dental formula

Cranial capacity

Binocular vision

Chromosome number

Solution

Question 4

Coenozoic

Mesozoic

Paleozoic

Pre-cambrian

Solution

Question 5

Change of diet from hard tough fruits and roots into soft food.

Qualitative improvement in the structure of hands skills for making tools.

Disappearance of tail.

Improvement in speech for communication and social behaviour.

Solution

Question 6

Plantigrade

Digitigrade

Perikaryon

Hallux

Solution

Question 7

Forelimbs of dog and gulls

Insect wing and bat wing

Feathers of birds and fins of fish

Lens of vertebrate and arthropod

Solution

Question 8

Adaptive divergence in evolution

Adaptive convergence of widely different species in evolution

Adaptive convergence of closely related species in evolution

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

Seasonal migration

Thick subcutaneous fat

Convergent evolution

Homoeothermy

Solution

Question 10

Differentiation of species

Maintenance of species

Evolutionary divergence

Extermination of species

Solution

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