Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 31

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Question 1
1 / -0

Adaptive radiation is an example for

A
Directional selection

B
Diversifying selection

C
Stabilizing selection

D
Sympatric speciation
Solution
- The disruptive selection also called diversifying selection.
- It describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favoured over intermediate values.
- In this case, the variance of the trait increases and the population is divided into two distinct groups.
- A key part of the ecological theory of adaptive radiation is disruptive selection during periods of sympathy.
- Hence, Adaptive radiation is an example of Diversifying selection.
- So, the correct answer is 'Diversifying selection'.
Question 2
1 / -0

Hardy and Weinberg independently proposed

A
Genetic drift

B
Non-evolving population

C
Founder effect

D
Sewall Wright effect
Solution
- The genetic variation of natural populations is constantly changing from genetic drift, mutation, migration, and natural and sexual selection.
- The Hardy-Weinberg principle gives scientists a mathematical baseline of a non-evolving population to which they can compare evolving populations.
- Hence, Hardy and Weinberg independently proposed Non-evolving population.
- So, the correct answer is 'Non-evolving population'.
Question 3
1 / -0

Hardy Weinberg equation is

A
$${p}^{2} + 2 pq + {q}^{2} = 1$$

B
$$p + 2 pq + q = 1$$

C
$$p + q = 4$$

D
$$p + {q}^{2} +2pq = 1$$
Solution
- The equation is an expression of the principle known as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which states that the amount of genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
- To explore the Hardy-Weinberg equation, we can examine a simple genetic locus at which there are two alleles, A and a.
- The Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as:
$$p^2$$ + 2$$pq$$ + $$q^2$$ = 1
where $$p$$ is the frequency of the "A" allele and $$q$$ is the frequency of the "a" allele in the population.
In the equation, $$p^2$$ represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, $$q^2$$ represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2$$pq$$ represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa.
Thus, option A is correct and other options are wrong.
Question 4
1 / -0

Adaptation is a type of

A
Convergent evolution

B
Satabilizing selection

C
Adaptive radiation

D
Speciation
Solution
- In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
- Hence, Adaptation is a type of Adaptive radiation.
- So, the correct answer is 'Adaptive radiation'.
Question 5
1 / -0

In a random mating population, frequency of disease causing recessive allele is 80%. What would be the frequency of carrier individual in population?

A
64%

B
32%

C
16%

D
100%

Solution

According to the question, the genotype frequency of recessive allele is (q) = (80% or 0.8). Since p+q=1; thus the frequency of dominant allele= p= 1-0.8= 0.2. The frequency of the carrier individual= 2pq= 2 X 0.8 X 0.2= 0.32 or 32%. The correct option is B.
Question 6
1 / -0

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by

A
Mutations

B
Non-random mating

C
Genetic drift

D
All of the above
Solution
- The conditions to maintain the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are no mutation, no gene flow, large population size, random mating, and no natural selection.
- Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is disturbed by deviation from any of its five conditions.
- Hence, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can be disturbed by Mutations, Non-random mating and Genetic drift.
- So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Darwin's finches are an example of

A
Convergent evolution

B
Adaptive radiation

C
Divergent evolution

D
Both B and C

Solution

Darwin's finches are a group of about fifteen species of passerine birds. They often are classified as the subfamily Geospizinae. It is still not clear to which bird family they belong, but they are not related to the true finches. They were first collected by Charles Darwin on the Galapagos Islands during the second voyage of the Beagle. All are found only on the Galapagos Islands, except the Cocos finch from Cocos Island. Darwin's finches are examples of adaptive radiation and divergent evolution.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
Question 8
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Evolutionary convergence is characterized by

A
Development of characteristics by random mating.

B
Replacement of common characteristics in different groups.

C
Development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups.

D
Development of a common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry.

Solution

In evolutionary biology, convergent evolution is the process, whereby organisms not closely related (not monophyletic), independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. Thus, option D is correct.
Question 9
1 / -0

In a random mating population frequency of dominant allele is 0.7. What will be the frequency of recessive phenotype?

A
0.49

B
0.09

C
0.3

D
0.21
Solution
- According to the question, the genotype frequency of dominant allele is (p = 0.7). Since p+q = 1; thus the frequency of recessive allele = q = 1-0.7 = 0.3. The frequency of recessive phenotype = q$$^2$$ = 0.09. The correct option is B.
Question 10
1 / -0

There are two alleles A$$_1$$ and A$$_2$$, out of which, one A$$_1$$ has nil abundance in a population, then the abundance of second allele A$$_2$$ is

A
0.25

B
1.00

C
0.40

D
0.50

Solution

Hardy-Weinberg equation is p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Here, p is the frequency of the "A" allele and q is the frequency of the "a" allele in the population. Thus, $$p^2$$ represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, $$q^2$$ is the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa. Further, it also states that the sum of the allele frequencies for all the alleles at the locus should be 1, so p + q = 1.
According to the question, the genotype frequency of A$$_1$$ allele = q = 0. Since p + q = 1; thus the frequency of A$$_2$$ allele = p = 1 - q = 1 - 0 = 1. The correct option is B.

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Re-Attempt Weekly Quiz Competition

Evolution Test - 31

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Evolution Test - 31

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Directional selection

Diversifying selection

Stabilizing selection

Sympatric speciation

Solution

Question 2

Genetic drift

Non-evolving population

Founder effect

Sewall Wright effect

Solution

Question 3

$${p}^{2} + 2 pq + {q}^{2} = 1$$

$$p + 2 pq + q = 1$$

$$p + q = 4$$

$$p + {q}^{2} +2pq = 1$$

Solution

Question 4

Convergent evolution

Satabilizing selection

Adaptive radiation

Speciation

Solution

Question 5

64%

32%

16%

100%

Solution

Question 6

Mutations

Non-random mating

Genetic drift

All of the above

Solution

Question 7

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

Divergent evolution

Both B and C

Solution

Question 8

Development of characteristics by random mating.

Replacement of common characteristics in different groups.

Development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups.

Development of a common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry.

Solution

Question 9

0.49

0.09

0.3

0.21

Solution

Question 10

0.25

1.00

0.40

0.50

Solution

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