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Evolution Test - 32

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Evolution Test - 32
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Which of the following has initiated the formation of population genetics and associated evolutionary studies?
    Solution
    • The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.
    •  Hence, Hardy-Weinberg law has initiated the formation of population genetics and associated evolutionary studies.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Hardy-Weinberg law'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Evolution of different species in a said area starting form a certain point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as
    Solution
    Adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges and opens environmental niches. Starting with a recent single ancestor, this process results in the speciation and phenotypic adaptation of an array of species exhibiting different morphological and physiological traits with which they can exploit a range of divergent environments. So, evolution of different species in a said area starting from a certain point and spreading to other geographical areas is known as adaptive radiation. 
    Natural selection is the gradual process by which heritable biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect of inherited traits on the differential reproductive success of organisms interacting with their environment. It is a key mechanism of evolution.
    Migration (human) is the movement of people from one place in the world to another for the purpose of taking up permanent or semipermanent residence, usually across a political boundary. 
    Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations allowing differentiated fixation of characteristics through genetic drift and natural selection. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Apes share .................. blood groups with man.
    Solution
    It has been proved by the blood protein tests that man is most closely related to great apes (Chimpanzee and Gorilla) and next closest, in order, are the old world monkeys, the new world monkeys and tarsiers. In humans four blood groups A,  B, O and AB and occur. The blood groups A and are found in apes but not in monkeys. This indicates that human beings are more closely related to apes than to monkey. There is 99 per cent homology in haemoglobin of man and gorilla. This suggests that the two are closely related. Thus, option D is correct.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The first human fossil probably belonged to
    Solution
    The first human fossil probably belonged to Zinjanthropus. It is an extinct hominin postulated from a skull found in Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, in 1959 and originally designated Zinjanthropus boisei by Louis S.B. Leakey. It was later renamed Paranthropus boisei. It lived in Eastern Africa during the Pleistocene epoch from about 2.3 until about 1.2 million years ago. The brain had a small capacity of 500-550cc. Hence option A is correct.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    In a population at Hardy Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequency of 'A' is 0.3, the expected frequency of 'Aa' individuals is
    Solution
    To estimate the frequency of alleles in a population, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equation.
    According to this equation:-
    p = the frequency of the dominant allele (represented here by A)
    q = the frequency of the recessive allele (represented here by a)
    For a population in genetic equilibrium:
    p + q = 1.0 (The sum of the frequencies of both alleles is 100%.)
    (p + q)$$^{2}$$ = 1 so p$$^{2}$$ + 2pq + q$$^{2}$$ = 1
    The three terms of this binomial expansion indicate the frequencies of the three genotypes:
    p$$^{2}$$  = frequency of AA (homozygous dominant)
    2pq = frequency of Aa (heterozygous)
    q$$^{2}$$  = frequency of aa (homozygous recessive).
    p+q = 1
    0.3 + q = 1
    q = 1 - 0.3 = 0.7
    Aa = 2pq = 2* 0.3 * 0.7 = 0.42.

    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Hardy-Weinberg Law of population genetics is applicable to the populations where mating is
    Solution
    Panmixia (or panmixis) means random mating. A panmictic population is one, where all individuals are potential partners. In genetics, random mating involves the mating of individuals regardless of any physical, genetic, or social preference. In other words, the mating between two organisms is not influenced by any environmental, hereditary, or social interaction. Hence, potential mates have an equal chance of being selected. Random mating is a factor assumed in the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Observe the given figure and identify the example which exhibit the given phenomena?

    Solution
    A population bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide). Such events can reduce the variation in the gene pool of a population. After an event, a smaller population, with a correspondingly smaller genetic diversity, remains to pass on genes to future generations of offspring. A classic example of a population bottleneck is that of the northern elephant seal, whose population fell to about 30 in the 1890s. Although it now numbers in the hundreds of thousands, the potential for bottlenecks within colonies remains. Genetic bottlenecks exist in cheetahs. Hypochodriac people are not an example of bottle neck effect. Thus, option D is correct.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Which of the following factors is considered best in the evolution of man?
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which of the following geological ages is called as the golden age of reptiles?
    Solution
    The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about 252 to 66 million years ago. The climate was warmer, the seasons were very mild, the sea level was higher, and there was no polar ice. It is known as age of reptiles because this era becomes dominated by dinosaurs and reptiles. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The Java man is considered to have existed in
    Solution
    Java Man (Homo erectus erectus) is the popular name given to early human fossils discovered on the island of Java (Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892. Led by Eugene Dubois, the excavation team uncovered a tooth, a skullcap, and a thighbone at Trinil on the banks of the Solo River in East Java. Arguing that the fossils represented the "missing link" between apes and humans, Dubois gave the species the scientific name Anthropopithecus erectus, then later renamed it Pithecanthropus erectus. Some of the java man fossils have also found in China. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option D.
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