Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 42

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
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Within the squirrel population at City Park, $$16$$% show the recessive phenotype of a curled tail $$\left(tt\right)$$.
The frequency of the dominant allele $$\left(T\right)$$ in the population is

A
$$0.40$$

B
$$0.16$$

C
$$0.26$$

D
$$0.60$$

E
$$0.32$$
Question 2
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The correct order of eras, from most ancient to most recent, along the geological time scale is

A
Paleozoic - precambrian - mesozoic - cenozoic

B
Precambrian - cenozoic - paleozoic - mesozoic

C
Precambrian - mesozoic - paleozoic - cenozoic

D
Precambrian - paleozoic - mesozoic - cenozoic

E
Cenozoic - mesozoic - paleozoic - precambrian

Solution

Precambrian period of the Archaeozoic era (3800 million yrs ago) is marked by the origin of life. Palaeozoic era (600 mya -230 mya) is the “era of ancient life”. Mesozoic era (from 230 million yrs ago to 63 million yrs ago) is the era of medieval life and includes three periods namely, Cretaceous (135 million yrs), Jurassic (180 million yrs) and Triassic (225 million yrs). The Cenozoic era (65 million years ago) is also known as “age of mammals” because the rise of first placental mammals, their diversification, and evolution, as well as origin and evolution of modern mammals and that of man, occurred during this era. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 3
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Which of the following statement best describes adaptive radiation?

A
Ability of one species to adapt to only one niche

B
Ability of a species to adapt itself to rapidly changing conditions

C
Evolution from a single ancestral species into several species adapted to various environments

D
Ability of a species to adjust its temperature by radiating heat

E
Advantages of radial symmetry to a stationary species

Solution

The encounter of a population to multiple of new or newly formed ecological niches is followed by diversification of ancestral line into different forms which in turn occupy a diverse ecological niche. The process is referred to as adaptive radiation. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 4
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If 60% of the alleles of a gene in population is recessive allele. The percentage of heterozygous individual in this population is

A
0.16

B
0.24

C
0.36

D
0.48

E
0.60

Solution

Hardy-Weinberg principle is described by the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1. In the equation, p² represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q²represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa. Also, the sum of the allele frequencies for all the alleles at the locus must be 1, so p + q = 1.
Therefore if 60% of alleles are recessive, 40% of the alleles would be dominant (p+0.6 = 1, p = 0.4)
The percentage of heterozygous individual is 2pq = 2 x 0.6 x 0.4 = 0.48. Hence, the correct answer is option D.
Question 5
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Which of the following bird's beak is adapted for probing flowers for nectar?

A

B

C

D

E

Solution

The probing beaks which feed on flower nectar are long and slender like straw to suck nectar along with long thin tongues. Hummingbirds are undoubtedly the most famous bird species sporting probe-style beaks.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 6
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The change in the allele frequencies takes place when evolutionary forces act on a population. Which of the following is not an evolutionary force?

A
Mutations

B
Gene flow

C
Genetic drift

D
Random mating

E
Natural selection

Solution

The allele and genotype frequencies in a large population remain constant if the population is randomly mating and if factors responsible for evolution are absent. Mutations, gene flow, genetic drift and natural selection are evolutionary forces that bring about evolution. Random mating prevents speciation and maintains the allelic frequency. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
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Both crabs and lobsters are the members of Pleocyemata. Both possess a tail but in the crab, it is very small and not used. This is an example of

A
Convergent evolution

B
Vestigial structure

C
Divergent evolution

D
Genetic fitness

E
Homologous structure

Solution

Convergent evolution refers to the development of similar structure in two distant organisms as a response to adaptation to the same environment; both crab and lobster belong to the same order. Divergent evolution in closely related organisms leads to the formation of the homolgous structure that performs same function. The poorly developed organs of recent forms of organisms which were fully developed and functional in related ancestral forms are referred to as vestigial organs. Genetic fitness is related to the ability of reproduction. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 8
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A
Founder effect

B
Heterozygote advantage

C
Population bottleneck

D
Random mating

E
Reproductive isolation

Solution

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the allele and genotype frequencies in a large population remain constant if the population is randomly mating and if factors responsible for evolution are absent. Founder effect, heterozygote advantage, population bottleneck, and reproductive isolation bring about evolution and disturb the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 9
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Directions For Questions

The geological time scale showing the relative abundance of different groups of echinoderms is given. The width of the band indicates the number of species for each group.

...view full instructions

Mass extinction of animals is shown at the

A
End of the Ordovician

B
End of the Silurian

C
End of the Devonian

D
End of the Permian

E
End of the Triassic

Solution

Crinoids are shown to be originated at the end of Ordovician while Blastoid and Echinoids originated in Silurian and Devonian respectively. End of Permian exhibits mass extinction of Blastoids and a considerable reduction in population size of Crinoids. End of Triassic is marked by the dominance of Echinoids that managed to overcome the mass extinction and continued to flourish. Thus, the correct answer is D.
Question 10
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Red bands or iron oxide streaks are seen on some rocks which originated from dissolved iron in oceans and settled to the ocean bottom. The reason for the occurrence of chemical and physical process is _________________.

A
Early reducing atmosphere of Earth

B
Evolution of cyanobacteria

C
Symbiosis of photosynthetic bacteria and protists

D
Adaptation of plants to terrestrial environments

E
Metabolic activity of the first heterotrophs