Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 43

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

A heterozygous individual according to Hardy-Weinberg theory is represented by

A
p

B
p$$^2$$

C
2pq

D
q$$^2$$

E
q

Solution

According to Hardy-Weinberg theory, p is the frequency of the "A" allele and q is the frequency of the "a" allele in the population. Thus, $$p^2$$ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype, $$q^2$$ is the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype. Thus, the correct answer is option C.
Question 2
1 / -0

Which of the following fields of study has not contributed directly to evidence for biological evolution?

A
Biochemistry

B
Embryology

C
Geology

D
Quantum physics

Solution

Quantum physics deals with the atomic and molecular forms of substances in nature. This field of study has not contributed directly to the evidence of biological evolution
So, the correct answer is 'Quantum physics'
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the following is not a condition required to maintain constant allele frequencies of a gene in a population (Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium)?

A
Mating is random

B
No natural selection is occurring

C
No mutations occur

D
The population is small

Solution

Hardy Weinberg law or equilibrium does not apply for small populations. For a small population multiple factors like gene flow, genetic drift, non random mating etc disturbs the equilibrium or the value of the equation to a large extent.
So, the correct answer is 'The population is small'
Question 4
1 / -0

Which of the following is a condition that must be met for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A
The population in question must be small.

B
Organisms must be free to migrate into or out of the population.

C
New mutations must be introduced to the gene pool at a consistent and unfluctuating rate.

D
Organisms in the population must express no mating preferences.

Solution

Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is also called as Hardy–Weinberg principle. According to this, the allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant over generations in the absence of evolutionary processes like mutation, migration, selection. There are 5 conditions that must be met for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These are:
1. The population must be large.
2. Random mating.
3. No mutations.
4. No immigration or emigration.
5. No natural selection.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Organisms in the population must express no mating preferences.'
Question 5
1 / -0

The ABO blood typing system in humans is determined by a single locus with three alleles A,B, and O. Worldwide, the frequency of the B allele is 16%.
If blood type is not a factor for either natural or sexual selection and mutations to the locus are negligible, predict the frequency of the B allele in three generations.

A
0%

B
3%

C
16%

D
40%

Solution

The ABO blood typing system in humans is determined by a single locus with three alleles, A, B, and O. It is given that, the frequency of the B allele worldwide is 16%. If it is not undergoing natural or sexual selection and also if no mutation is taking place in this allele, the frequency of the B allele will remain same over many generations. Hence, the frequency of the B allele in three generations will be 16%.
Thus, the correct answer is '16%.'
Question 6
1 / -0

A population of humans lives on a fictional isolated island. 75% of the population has purple hair, not found naturally in any other human populations. The purple hair is the result of a single gene locus, for which there are two alleles; purple hair, and non-purple hair (resulting in one of the typical human hair colors, which are determined by other genes).
Which of the following describes a reason the island population fails to meet Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium requirements for purple hair locus?

A
Due to the limited resources available on the island, there is no record of the population ever exceeding 50 people.

B
Neither sex seems to show any mating preference towards hair color, but demonstrating the ability to grill large birds without drying out the breast meat is important to mate selection for both males and females.

C
New people rarely come to the island, and when they do they are unsuccessful in convincing any of the island natives to mate with them.

D
The purple hair does not have any impact on survival.

Solution

It is an isolated population, a small population. Therefore Hardy-Wienberg's equilibrium cannot be applied
So, the correct answer is 'Due to the limited resources available on the island, there is no record of the population ever exceeding 50 people'
Question 7
1 / -0

If two populations of a species exist in isolation from each other, and one population experiences genetic drift while the other does not, what is the most likely outcome?

A
The two populations will experience allopatric speciation.

B
The population that experiences genetic drift will go extinct.

C
The two populations, because they are the same species, will stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with each other.

D
Evolution will occur, since the gene frequencies in the gene pools of the two populations will change.

Solution

The two species are in isolation from each other, that is there is no genetic exchange between the two species. In one of the populations genetic drift occurs, a sudden change in frequency of an allele may lead to formation of new species
So, the correct answer is 'The two populations will experience allopatric speciation'
Question 8
1 / -0

A fictional population of cliff dwelling birds can be either red or black. Feather color is controlled by a single gene, with black being dominant to red.
A rock slide occurs, killing a portion of the population. The dots in the picture show the distribution of birds on the cliff face, and the birds within the circle were killed in the rock slide.
How does the final population compare to the initial population, and what is the evolutionary explanation for the change?

A
The frequency of the dominant allele was higher in the final population due to mutations.

B
The frequency of the dominant allele was higher in the final population due to sexual selection.

C
The frequency of the dominant allele was lower in the final population due to genetic drift.

D
The frequency of the dominant allele was lower in the final population due to natural selection.

Solution

The decrease in the frequency of dominant allele due to rock slide is termed as genetic drift. This occurs in small population where the allelic frequency gets drastically altered due a natural calamity
So, the correct answer is 'The frequency of the dominant allele was lower in the final population due to genetic drift'
Question 9
1 / -0

In a Hardy-Weinberg population, with two alleles (A and a) that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele A is 0.2. What is the percentage of the population that is heterozygous for this allele?

A
0.32

B
4

C
16

D
32

Solution

According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the sum of the allele frequencies for all the alleles at the locus must be 1, so p + q = 1. Also, the Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as: p$$^2$$ + 2pq +q$$^2$$ = 1 where p is the frequency of the "A" allele and q is the frequency of the "a" allele in the population. In the equation, p$$^2$$ represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q$$^2$$ represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa. Here, q = 0.2. Hence, p = `1- q = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8. Now, population of heterozygous individual will be 2pq as mentioned, that is 2 * 0.8 * 0.2 = 0.32. It means, there is 32% of the heterozygous population.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

An urban pest control company has gathered data on the color of a rodent species population. The data is displayed in the graph. Which of the following statements explains the data?

A
Fur color is caused by a single gene with three alleles

B
The area recently experienced an environmental change

C
The grey allele is dominant

D
The grey phenotype has a higher fitness

Solution

The grey phenotype is resistant to the pesticide or is fit to survive and reproduce in the changed environment, that is when sprayed with the pesticide as compared to Black and Brown
So, the correct answer is 'The grey phenotype has a higher fitness'

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Evolution Test - 43

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Evolution Test - 43

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

p

p$$^2$$

2pq

q$$^2$$

q

Solution

Question 2

Biochemistry

Embryology

Geology

Quantum physics

Solution

Question 3

Mating is random

No natural selection is occurring

No mutations occur

The population is small

Solution

Question 4

The population in question must be small.

Organisms must be free to migrate into or out of the population.

New mutations must be introduced to the gene pool at a consistent and unfluctuating rate.

Organisms in the population must express no mating preferences.

Solution

Question 5

0%

3%

16%

40%

Solution

Question 6

Due to the limited resources available on the island, there is no record of the population ever exceeding 50 people.

Neither sex seems to show any mating preference towards hair color, but demonstrating the ability to grill large birds without drying out the breast meat is important to mate selection for both males and females.

New people rarely come to the island, and when they do they are unsuccessful in convincing any of the island natives to mate with them.

The purple hair does not have any impact on survival.

Solution

Question 7

The two populations will experience allopatric speciation.

The population that experiences genetic drift will go extinct.

The two populations, because they are the same species, will stay in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with each other.

Evolution will occur, since the gene frequencies in the gene pools of the two populations will change.

Solution

Question 8

The frequency of the dominant allele was higher in the final population due to mutations.

The frequency of the dominant allele was higher in the final population due to sexual selection.

The frequency of the dominant allele was lower in the final population due to genetic drift.

The frequency of the dominant allele was lower in the final population due to natural selection.

Solution

Question 9

0.32

4

16

32

Solution

Question 10

Fur color is caused by a single gene with three alleles

The area recently experienced an environmental change

The grey allele is dominant

The grey phenotype has a higher fitness

Solution

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