Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 46

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Which of the following conditions will result in the D allele frequencies of a population remaining unchanged?

A
A hurricane wipes out all but a dozen birds in a ovulation of Coastal songbirds.

B
The females of a population of raccoons choose mates based on how many times the potential mate washes his face.

C
Some members of a population of sunflowers are very short and cannot get adequate sunlight

D
A population of Tasmanian Devils is confined to the island nation of New Zealand, and no Devils enter the island or leave it.

E
Both A and D

Solution

The Hardy-Weinberg law or Hardy-Weinberg theorem or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the fundamental law of population genetics which provides the basis for studying the Mendelian populations. This law was independently developed by GH Hardy, an English mathematician and G Weinberg, a German physician in 1908. This law states that genes and genotypic frequencies in a mendelian population remain constant generation after generation, if there is no selection, mutation, migration or random drift.
Thus the original proportions of the genotype in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, as long as the following assumptions are met:
1. The population size is very large.
2. No genes are input from other sources i.e. no gene flow takes place.
3. No mutation takes place.
4. No natural selection occurs.
5. Random mating is occurring.
option A is showing that no natural selection is occurring and option D is showing that no gene flow is occurring. Hence these two conditions will not result in change in allele frequencies of a population.
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and D'.
Question 2
1 / -0

The viceroy butterfly and monarch butterfly are mimics of one another. They both have a similar orange and black pattern on their wings and possess similar wing shapes. Both butterfly species are unpalatable to bird predators, yet both butterflies belong to two different species.
This similar appearance is most likely due to which evolutionary mechanism?

A
Sympatric speciation

B
Sexual selection

C
Convergent evolution

D
Divergent evolution

E
Allopatric speciation

Solution

A. Sympatric association is the formation of species within a single population by reproductive isolation or without geographical isolation.
B. Sexual selection is a evolutionary model which describes the selection of mate by an organism based on some characteristics.
C. Convergent evolution is a process during which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to common environmental conditions. Hence, analogous organs are formed which have different basic structure but perform similar functions.
D. Divergent evolution is a process in which same basic organ becomes adapted by specialisation to different functions.
E. Changing climate may isolate population on mountain peaks or in remnant lakes, or rare migrants may colonise new areas such as the Galapagos and Hawaiian islands. This geographic isolation is termed as allopatry and gives rise to allopatric speciation.
Hence the similar appearance of the wings of viceroy butterfly and the monarch butterfly is due to convergent evolution.
So, the correct answer is 'Convergent evolution'.
Question 3
1 / -0

An important evidence of organic evolution is

A
Homologous organs only

B
Analogous organs only

C
Both A and B

D
Homologous and vestigial organs

Solution

"Homologous organs" have the same fundamental structure but are different in functions These organs follow the same basic plan of organization during their development. But in the adult condition, these organs are modified to perform different functions as an adaptation to different environments. "Vestigial organs" are present in reduced form and do not perform any function in the body but correspond to the fully developed functional organs of related animals.
So, the correct answer is "Homologous and vestigial organs".
Question 4
1 / -0

A population of animals found to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium shows that 64% of them possess a dark brown coat. Assume the trait for coat color is inherited through simple dominance, and that dark brown is the dominant trait What is the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?

A
0.8

B
0.6

C
0.2

D
0.4

E
The frequency cannot be determined from the information given.

Solution

Hardy-Weinberg principle gives the geneticists a tool to determine when evolution is occurring. It uses the binomial expression p² + 2pq + q² to calculate the genotypic and allele frequencies of a population.
where, p² = % homozygous dominant individuals
   p = frequency of dominant allele
          q² = % homozygous recessive individuals
   q = frequency of recessive allele
   2pq = % heterozygous individuals
In the given question, dark brown coat is dominant trait. So, % homozygous dominant individuals i.e. p² = 64 % or 0.64
therefore, frequency of dominant allele i.e. p = 0.64^1/2 = 0.8
Since p+ q =1, therefore, frequency of recessive allele q = 1 - p = 1 - 0.8 = 0.2
So, the correct answer is '0.2'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Sewall write effect is also called as

A
Isolation

B
Gene pool

C
Genetic drift

D
Gene flow

Solution

Genetic drift( also known as Sewall wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms. Genetic drift may cause gene variants to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation.
So, the correct answer is " Genetic drift".
Question 6
1 / -0

All of the following examples provide evidence for evolution except

A
Humans have a nonfunctional appendix located near the junction of the small intestine and large intestine.

B
The DNA sequence for histone proteins is highly conserved for multiple species.

C
Most marsupials are indigenous to Australia, but marsupial species such as the opossum exist in the Americas and are not closely related to the Australian marsupials.

D
Acquired characteristics, such as the presence of a docked tail in certain dog breeds, can he passed along to offspring.

E
Gill arches are present in all vertebrate species during embryonic development.

Solution

A. The non-functional appendix is a vestigial organ that was functional in ancestors.
B. The DNA sequence for histone proteins is highly conserved for multiple species as it similar in all the species. So, it does not provide any evidence for evolution.
C. Australian marsupials are an example of convergent evolution.
D. Acquired characters are passed on to offspring and this states the Lamarck's theory of acquired characters.
E. Gill arches provide embryological evidence for evolution.
Hence, histone proteins do not provide any evidence for evolution.
So, the correct answer is 'The DNA sequence for histone proteins is highly conserved for multiple species'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following statements describes a population at genetic equilibrium?

A
A population in which there are equal numbers of dominant and recessive alleles

B
A population in which allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation

C
A population in which mutations occur causing allele frequencies to remain constant over generations

D
A population in which immigration and emigration cause allele frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation

E
A population in which there is sexual selection

Solution

The Hardy-Weinberg law or Hardy-Weinberg theorem or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the fundamental law of population genetics which provides the basis for studying the Mendelian populations. This law was independently developed by GH Hardy, an English mathematician and G Weinberg, a German physician in 1908. This law states that genes and genotypic frequencies in a mendelian population remain constant generation after generation, if there is no selection, mutation, migration or random drift.
Thus the original proportions of the genotype in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, as long as the following assumptions are met:
1. The population size is very large.
2. No genes are input from other sources i.e. no gene flow takes place.
3. No mutation takes place.
4. No natural selection occurs.
5. Random mating is occurring.
Hence a population is at genetic equilibrium when allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.
So, the correct answer is 'A population in which allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation'.
Question 8
1 / -0

The earth is thought to have formed 4.6 billion years ago. All of the following items describe what conditions may have existed on the early Earth except

A
An anaerobic atmosphere containing gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen

B
An atmosphere with extremely hot temperatures

C
Photosynthetic blue-green prokaryotes populating the oceans

D
Oceans containing a mixture of inorganic compounds such as ammonia

E
A terrestrial environment with frequent volcanic eruptions

Solution

A. The composition of early earth atmosphere was carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, water vapour and hydrogen gas i.e. anaerobic conditions were there as no oxygen was present.
B. It is estimated that the earth has been formed from the left over dust and gases of the sun. It was in the form of a solidified, red-hot cloud containing free atoms and having approximate temperature of 5000-6000° C.
C. The first organisms to appear on earth were chemoheterotrophs i.e. they required chemical organic compounds for the production of energy.
D. Primitive atmosphere of earth was reducing containing methane, ammonia, hydrogen and water vapour. Oceans consists of inorganic molecules like ammonia, methane, hydrogen cyanide, nitrides, carbides and various gases.
E. Early earth was having no atmosphere. The earth's surface was in molten state which after cooling resulted in huge emission of carbon dioxide, water vapours, methane and ammonia from the belching volcanoes.
Hence statement C is incorrect.
So, the correct answer is 'Photosynthetic blue-green prokaryotes populating the oceans'.
Question 9
1 / -0

All of the following are conditions under which a Hardy-Weinberg population exist except

A
The population is extremely small

B
Females choose mates based on a song preference.

C
There are no mutations occurring in the gene pool.

D
Members of the population do not migrate away to other locations.

E
The population is located on an island far from other and masses.

Solution

Hardy and Weinberg proposed that the frequency of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next if the population is stable and in genetic equilibrium. The five conditions required for a population to remain at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are-
1) A large breeding population.
2) Random mating.
3) No change in allelic frequency due to mutation.
4) No immigration or emigration.
5) No natural selection i.e. every organism has an equal chance of survival.
Thus the correct answer is option A.
Question 10
1 / -0

When females choose mates based on attractiveness of certain characteristics, which condition of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is in violation?

A
Large population

B
No gene flow

C
No mutation

D
No natural selection

E
Random mating

Solution

The Hardy-Weinberg law or Hardy-Weinberg theorem or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the fundamental law of population genetics which provides the basis for studying the Mendelian populations. This law was independently developed by GH Hardy, an English mathematician and G Weinberg, a German physician in 1908. This law states that genes and genotypic frequencies in a mendelian population remain constant generation after generation, if there is no selection, mutation, migration or random drift.
Thus the original proportions of the genotype in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, as long as the following assumptions are met:
1. The population size is very large.
2. No genes are input from other sources i.e. no gene flow takes place.
3. No mutation takes place.
4. No natural selection occurs.
5. Random mating is occurring.
Hence if females choose mates based on attractiveness of certain characteristics, this will be not be a random mating and will violate the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
So, the correct answer is 'Random mating'.

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Evolution Test - 46

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Evolution Test - 46

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Question 1

A hurricane wipes out all but a dozen birds in a ovulation of Coastal songbirds.

The females of a population of raccoons choose mates based on how many times the potential mate washes his face.

Some members of a population of sunflowers are very short and cannot get adequate sunlight

A population of Tasmanian Devils is confined to the island nation of New Zealand, and no Devils enter the island or leave it.

Both A and D

Solution

Question 2

Sympatric speciation

Sexual selection

Convergent evolution

Divergent evolution

Allopatric speciation

Solution

Question 3

Homologous organs only

Analogous organs only

Both A and B

Homologous and vestigial organs

Solution

Question 4

0.8

0.6

0.2

0.4

The frequency cannot be determined from the information given.

Solution

Question 5

Isolation

Gene pool

Genetic drift

Gene flow

Solution

Question 6

Humans have a nonfunctional appendix located near the junction of the small intestine and large intestine.

The DNA sequence for histone proteins is highly conserved for multiple species.

Most marsupials are indigenous to Australia, but marsupial species such as the opossum exist in the Americas and are not closely related to the Australian marsupials.

Acquired characteristics, such as the presence of a docked tail in certain dog breeds, can he passed along to offspring.

Gill arches are present in all vertebrate species during embryonic development.

Solution

Question 7

A population in which there are equal numbers of dominant and recessive alleles

A population in which allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation

A population in which mutations occur causing allele frequencies to remain constant over generations

A population in which immigration and emigration cause allele frequencies to remain constant from generation to generation

A population in which there is sexual selection

Solution

Question 8

An anaerobic atmosphere containing gases such as carbon dioxide and nitrogen

An atmosphere with extremely hot temperatures

Photosynthetic blue-green prokaryotes populating the oceans

Oceans containing a mixture of inorganic compounds such as ammonia

A terrestrial environment with frequent volcanic eruptions

Solution

Question 9

The population is extremely small

Females choose mates based on a song preference.

There are no mutations occurring in the gene pool.

Members of the population do not migrate away to other locations.

The population is located on an island far from other and masses.

Solution

Question 10

Large population

No gene flow

No mutation

No natural selection

Random mating

Solution

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