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Evolution Test - 54

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Evolution Test - 54
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Two species of different genealogy show resemblance due to similar adaptation. The phenomenon is 
    Solution
    • Convergent evolution is the process whereby organisms not closely related, independently evolve similar traits as a result of having to adapt to similar environments or ecological niches. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups. 
    • Hence two species of different genealogy (a line of descent traced continuously from an ancestor) show resemblance due to similar adaptation. The phenomenon is convergent evolution.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Convergent evolution'.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Which one is part of Palaeozoic era?
    Solution
    • The earth contains different layers of sediments, of which the bottom layer is the oldest layer and the upper layer is the most recent layer. Based on the age of rocks, a time scale was prepared and it is called the geological time scale, it depicts the different stages of the evolution of life on the earth over the past millions of years.
    • It consists of three Eons, that consists of Eras which are divided into Periods that may be further subdivided into Epochs. These Eras, Periods, Epochs depict the time of origin and the dominance of the certain group of animals during certain Eras or Periods. It provides the most direct evidence for the concept of evolution.
    • In order from oldest to youngest, the three Eons are as follows
    Archean Eon: ancient or archaic (oldest rocks on earth)
    Proterozoic Eon: beginning life (2.5 billion to 542 million years ago)
    Phanerozoic Eon: visible life (542 million years ago to present).
    • There are eras in the Phanerozoic eon. In order from oldest to youngest, they are as follows:
    • 1)Precambrian Era: earliest part of earth's history.
    2)Paleozoic Era: ancient life (such as trilobites)
    3) Mesozoic Era: middle life (such as dinosaurs)
    4)Cenozoic Era: recent life (such as mammals and flowering plants).
    So, the correct option is 'Devonian'.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Choose the wrong pair 
    Solution
    • Homologous organs are the organs which have similar structure and different function and have the same developmental origin. 
    • Both the thorns of bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita origin from the stem and are modified from the auxiliary buds but their functions are different. Hence they are homologous organs.
    • Hence  Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are not analogous organs.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Option D'.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    In which geological era did microbes originated?
    Solution
    • The earth contains different layers of sediments, of which the bottom layer is the oldest layer and the upper layer is the most recent layer. Based on the age of rocks, a time scale was prepared and it is called the geological time scale, it depicts the different stages of the evolution of life on the earth over the past millions of years.
    • It consists of three Eons, that consists of Eras which are divided into Periods that may be further subdivided into Epochs. These Eras, Periods, Epochs depict the time of origin and the dominance of the certain group of animals during certain Eras or Periods. It provides the most direct evidence for the concept of evolution.
    • There are eras in the Phanerozoic eon. In order from oldest to youngest, they are as follows:
    • 1)Precambrian Era: earliest part of earth's history where life originated (such as microbes)
    2)Paleozoic Era: ancient life (such as trilobites)
    3) Mesozoic Era: middle life (such as dinosaurs)
    4)Cenozoic Era: recent life (such as mammals and flowering plants).
    So, the correct option is 'Precambrian'.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Mammal like reptiles evolved during
    Solution
    Permian age was a geologic period and system that spanned 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period 298.9 million years ago to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.902 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleozoic era; the following Triassic period belongs to the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles.
    So, the correct option is 'Permian'.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Which one is used for knowing whether not a population is evolving?
    Solution
    The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation assuming a large population size with no evolutionary influence including mutation, genetic drift, natural selection and gene flow between populations. Thus, the correct answer is ‘Hardy- Weinberg equation.’
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Match the following with reference to geological time scale 
    (a)Origin of trilobites(i)Siluran
    (b)Origin of ostracoderma(ii)Carboniferous
    (c)Origin of fishes(iii)Cambrain
    (d)Origin of amphibiana(iv)Ordocician
    (e)Origin of cotylosaures(v)Devonant
    Solution
     Origin of trilobites Cambrain
     Origin of ostracoderms Cambrain
     Origin of fishes Siluran
     Origin of amphibiana Devonant
     Origin of cotylosaures Carboniferous
    So the correct answer is 'a - iii, b - v, c - i, d- iv, e- ii'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The rise of first primates occurred in ...... epoch.
    Solution
    • The earth contains different layers of sediments, of which the bottom layer is the oldest layer and the upper layer is the most recent layer. Based on the age of rocks, a time scale was prepared and it is called the geological time scale, it depicts the different stages of the evolution of life on the earth over the past millions of years.
    • It consists of three Eons, that consists of Eras which are divided into Periods that may be further subdivided into Epochs. These Eras, Periods, Epochs depict the time of origin and the dominance of the certain group of animals during certain Eras or Periods. It provides the most direct evidence for the concept of evolution.
    • In order from oldest to youngest, the three Eons are as follows
    Archean Eon: ancient or archaic (oldest rocks on earth)
    Proterozoic Eon: beginning life (2.5 billion to 542 million years ago)
    Phanerozoic Eon: visible life (542 million years ago to present).
    • There are eras in the Phanerozoic eon. In order from oldest to youngest, they are as follows:
    • 1)Precambrian Era: earliest part of earth's history.
    2)Paleozoic Era: ancient life (such as trilobites)
    3) Mesozoic Era: middle life (such as dinosaurs)
    4)Cenozoic Era: recent life (such as mammals and flowering plants).
    So, the correct option is 'Palaeocene'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Cenozoic era is age of
    Solution
    • The earth consists of different layers of sediments of which, the bottom layer is the oldest layer and the upper layer is the most recent layer. Based on the age of rocks, a time scale was prepared and it is called the geological timescale. It depicts the different stages of the evolution of life on the earth over the past millions of years.
    • It consists of three Eons, that consists of Eras which are divided into Periods that may be further subdivided into Epochs. These Eras, Periods, Epochs depict the time of origin and the dominance of the certain group of animals during certain Eras or Periods. It provides the most direct evidence for the concept of evolution.
    • In order from oldest to youngest, the three Eons are as follows
    Archean Eon: ancient or archaic (oldest rocks on earth)
    Proterozoic Eon: beginning life (2.5 billion to 542 million years ago)
    Phanerozoic Eon: visible life (542 million years ago to present).
      • There are three eras in the Phanerozoic eon. In order from oldest to youngest, they are as follows:
      1) Paleozoic Era: ancient life (such as trilobites)
      2) Mesozoic Era: middle life (such as dinosaurs)
      3) Cenozoic Era: recent life (such as mammals and flowering plants).
    So, the correct option is 'Mammals'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Tendrils in plants are an example of
    Solution
    • Divergent evolution is the process whereby groups from the same common ancestor evolve and accumulate differences, resulting in the formation of new species. Divergent evolution creates homologous organs.
    • Homologous organs are the organs which have similar structure and different function and have the same developmental origin (related through common descent). For example, the thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita. Thorns and tendrils both are axillary in position and are the modifications of axillary buds. But they both perform different functions as thorns are for protection and tendrils are for support.
    • Hence tendrils in plants are an example of divergent evolution.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Divergent evolution'.
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