Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 67

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

Evolutionary convergence is characterised by

A
Development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups

B
Development of a common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry

C
Development of characteristics by random mating

D
Replacement of common characteristics in different groups

Solution

The anatomically different structures evolved towards the same direction (i.e. towards the same function ) due to adaptations to similar needs or similar habitats. This is called the Evolutionary Convergence because anatomically dissimilar and origin-wise different structures converged towards the common function.
So, the correct option is 'Development of a common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry
Question 2
1 / -0

At a particular locus, frequency of allele A is $$0.6$$ and that of allele a is $$0.4$$. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium?

A
$$0.36$$

B
$$0.16$$

C
$$0.24$$

D
$$0.48$$

Solution

In a stable population, for a gene with two alleles, 'A' (dominant) and 'a' (recessive), if the frequency of 'A' is p and the frequency of 'a' is q, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes $$(AA, Aa$$ and $$aa$$) can be expressed by the Hardy-Weinberg equation:
$$p^{2} + 2pq + q^{2} = 1$$
where $$p^{2} =$$ Frequency of $$A$$ (homozygous dominant) individuals
$$q^{2} =$$ Frequency of $$aa$$ (homozygous recessive) individuals
$$2pq =$$ Frequency of $$Aa$$ (heterozygous) individuals.
so, $$p = 0.6$$ and $$q = 0.4$$ (given)
$$\therefore 2pq$$ (frequency of heterozygote) $$= 2\times 0.6\times 0.4$$
$$= 0.48$$.

Question 3

1 / -0

Match column I with column II and select the correct option from the given codes.

Column I	Column II
A. Saltation	(i) Darwin
B. Formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution	(ii) Louis Pasteur
C. Reproductive fitness	(iii) De Vries
D. Life comes from pre-existing life	(iv) Oparin and Haldane

$$A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D - (ii)$$

$$A - (iv), B - (iii), C - (ii), D - (i)$$

$$A - (ii), B - (iii), C - (i), D - (iv)$$

$$A - (i), B - (iv), C - (iii), D - (ii)$$

Solution

De Vries proposed the theory of Saltation ( sudden large scale mutation ). Oparin and Haldane believed that the formation of life was preceded by chemical evolution.

Darwin used the word 'reproductive fitness' which means those organisms who are better fit in their environment produce more number of off springs.

Louis Pasteur proved that Life comes from pre-existing life.

So, the correct answer is 'A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(I), D-(ii)

Question 4
1 / -0

Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution?

A
Eyes of octopus and mammals, Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

B
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Wings of butterfly and birds

C
Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates, Wings of butterfly and birds

D
Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Eyes of octopus and mammals

Solution

Development of similar adaptive functional structures in unrelated groups of organisms is called convergent evolution. It shows analogy. Examples are wings of butterfly and birds, eye of octopus and mammals, flippers of penguins and dolphins, etc. On the other hand, divergent evolution involves the modification of organs to perform different functions as an adaptation to different environments. For example forelimbs of vertebrates (whales, bat, cheetah, human). Though these perform different functions, they have similar anatomical structure.
So, the correct answer is 'Eyes of octopus and mammals, Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates'.
Question 5
1 / -0

The correct sequence for the manufacture of the compounds on the primitive earth is

A
$$NH_{3}, CH_{4}$$, protein and carbohydrate

B
Protein, carbohydrate, water and nucleic acid

C
$$NH_{3}, CH_{4}$$, carbohydrate and nucleic acid

D
$$NH_{3}$$, carbohydrate, protein and nucleic acid

Solution

4.5 to 4.7 billion years ago, the atmosphere of the earth consisted of methane and ammonia. In reducing atmosphere moderate energy sources were sufficient to produce amino acids and then protein. After that carbohydrate have formed.
So, the answer is 'NH$$_3$$,CH$$_4$$, protein, carbohydrate'
Question 6
1 / -0

Which of the following eras, in geological time scale, corresponds to the period when life had not originated upon the earth?

A
Azoic

B
Palaeozoic

C
Mesozoic

D
Archaeozoic

Solution
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of following represents correct order of evolution?

A
$$Amoeba \rightarrow Leucosolenia \rightarrow Hydra \rightarrow Ascaris$$

B
$$Leucosolenia \rightarrow Hydra \rightarrow Amoeba \rightarrow Ascaris$$

C
$$Ascaris \rightarrow Amoeba \rightarrow Leucosolenia \rightarrow Hydra$$

D
None of these

Solution

Amoeba is unicellular and most simples organism ( phylum protozoa) . Leucosolenia belongs to phylum porifera. Hydra belongs to phylum Cnidaria.And Ascaris belongs to phylum nematoda.
So, the correct option is 'Amoeba $$\rightarrow$$ Leucosolenia $$\rightarrow$$ Hydra $$\rightarrow$$ Ascaris'
Question 8
1 / -0

Golden age of reptiles was

A
Proterozoic era

B
Palaeozoic era

C
Mesozoic era

D
Coenozoic era

Solution

Mesozoic era is known as golden age of reptiles as reptiles became dominant during this period. The period, which spans from about 252 million years ago to about 66 million years ago.
So, the correct answer is 'Mesozoic era'.
Question 9
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Identify the correct arrangement of periods of Palaeozoic era in ascending order in geological time scale.

A
$$Cambrian \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Carboniferous \rightarrow Permian$$

B
$$Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Carboniferous \rightarrow Permian$$

C
$$Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Carboniferous \rightarrow Permian$$

D
$$Silurian \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Permian \rightarrow Carboniferous$$

Solution

Palaeozoic era is the era of ancient life. The correct arrangement of periods of this era is $$Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician$$ (age of invertebrates) $$\rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Devonian$$ (age of fishes) $$\rightarrow Carboniferous$$ (age of Amphibians) $$\rightarrow Permian$$.
Question 10
1 / -0

The Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if

A
A population does not migrate for a longtime to a new habitat

B
Frequent mutations occur in the population

C
The population has no chance of interaction with other populations

D
Free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population

Solution

Hardy-Weinberg principle or Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation. It describes a theoretical situation in which a population is undergoing no evolutionary change. There are five factors that affect the Hardy-Weinberg Principle. These are the mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, genetic recombination and natural selection pressure. If frequent mutations occur in the population it leads to evolution that is so Hardy-Weinberg principle cannot operate if the frequent mutation occurs in the population.
So, the correct answer is 'Frequent mutations occur in the population'.

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Evolution Test - 67

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Evolution Test - 67

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Development of dissimilar characteristics in closely related groups

Development of a common set of characteristics in groups of different ancestry

Development of characteristics by random mating

Replacement of common characteristics in different groups

Solution

Question 2

$$0.36$$

$$0.16$$

$$0.24$$

$$0.48$$

Solution

Question 3

$$A - (iii), B - (iv), C - (i), D - (ii)$$

$$A - (iv), B - (iii), C - (ii), D - (i)$$

$$A - (ii), B - (iii), C - (i), D - (iv)$$

$$A - (i), B - (iv), C - (iii), D - (ii)$$

Solution

Question 4

Eyes of octopus and mammals, Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Wings of butterfly and birds

Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates, Wings of butterfly and birds

Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita, Eyes of octopus and mammals

Solution

Question 5

$$NH_{3}, CH_{4}$$, protein and carbohydrate

Protein, carbohydrate, water and nucleic acid

$$NH_{3}, CH_{4}$$, carbohydrate and nucleic acid

$$NH_{3}$$, carbohydrate, protein and nucleic acid

Solution

Question 6

Azoic

Palaeozoic

Mesozoic

Archaeozoic

Solution

Question 7

$$Amoeba \rightarrow Leucosolenia \rightarrow Hydra \rightarrow Ascaris$$

$$Leucosolenia \rightarrow Hydra \rightarrow Amoeba \rightarrow Ascaris$$

$$Ascaris \rightarrow Amoeba \rightarrow Leucosolenia \rightarrow Hydra$$

None of these

Solution

Question 8

Proterozoic era

Palaeozoic era

Mesozoic era

Coenozoic era

Solution

Question 9

$$Cambrian \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Carboniferous \rightarrow Permian$$

$$Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Carboniferous \rightarrow Permian$$

$$Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Silurian \rightarrow Carboniferous \rightarrow Permian$$

$$Silurian \rightarrow Devonian \rightarrow Cambrian \rightarrow Ordovician \rightarrow Permian \rightarrow Carboniferous$$

Solution

Question 10

A population does not migrate for a longtime to a new habitat

Frequent mutations occur in the population

The population has no chance of interaction with other populations

Free interbreeding occurs among all members of the population

Solution

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