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Evolution Test - 75

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Evolution Test - 75
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    One of the oldest, best preserved and most complete hominid fossil commonly known as 'Lucy' belongs to the genus
    Solution
    Australopithecines are the direct immediate ancestors of genus Homo.  One of the most important species was A. afarensis. Many fossils of A. afarensis skeletal remains have been discovered in Africa. A remarkably complete skeleton, Lucy, was found in Ethiopia in 1974 by a team led by U.S.paleoanthropologist Donald Johanson
    So, the correct answer is 'Australopithecus'
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The first seed plant appeared during
    Solution
    By the middle of the Devonian era, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    At a particular locus, the frequency of the 'A' allele is 0.6 and that of 'a' is 0.4. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes in a random mating population at equilibrium?
    Solution
    • In a stable population, for a gene with two alleles, 'A' (dominant) and 'a' (recessive), if the frequency of 'A' is p and the frequency of 'a' is q, then the frequencies of the three possible genotypes ($$AA$$, $$Aa$$ and $$aa$$) can be expressed by the Hardy-Weinberg equation:
        $$p^2$$ + $$2pq$$ + $$q^2$$ =  $$1$$
    • where $$p^2$$ = Frequency of $$A$$ (homozygous dominant) individuals
    • $$q^2$$ = Frequency of $$aa$$ (homozygous recessive) individuals
    • $$2pq$$ = Frequency of $$Aa$$ (heterozygous) individuals.
    • So, $$p$$ = $$0.6$$ and $$q$$ = $$0.4$$ (given)
    • Then, $$2pq$$ (frequency of heterozygote) = $$2×0.6×0.4$$  = $$0.48$$.

    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The principle that gives the geneticists a tool to determine when evolution is occurring is
    Solution
    • Hardy-Weinberg's principle gives the geneticists a tool to determine when evolution is occurring. 
    • Geneticists use this principle to calculate a starting point allele frequency and this frequency is then compared with the frequencies measured at some future point. 
    • The degree of evolutionary change is determined by calculating the difference between the observed frequencies and frequencies based on this principle.

    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Origin of first toothed birds and gymnosperms took place during which era?
    Solution
    Jurassic era was the second phase of the Mesozoic era. It occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago. The reptiles are evident to have dominated this era and so, the existence of first toothed birds is believed to be during the Jurassic era. Although, the ferns were present but the gymnosperms were the dominant plant forms during this era. Gymnosperms were the con-bearing plants and they favoured the wind pollination. The sexual reproduction caused the accumulation of favourable variations due to which these plants became widespread.
    Hence, the correct answer is 'Jurassic'
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    During which period, amphibians were dominant?
    Solution
    • The carboniferous period lasted from about 350 million years ago. It generally had a more uniform, tropical, and humid climate, was favorable for living organisms like amphibia, thus called the "age of amphibians".
    • Silurian is a period of origin of jawed fishes, wingless insects, scorpions, and ferns.
    • Ordovician is called the "age of invertebrates".
    • Cambrian is called the "age of trilobites".
    • In jurassic period, gymnosperms and dinosaurs are abundant.
    Thus option A is the correct answer.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Match the physical evidence of evolution with the best description of that particular type of evidence.
    List 1List 2
    A. Fossils1. The remains of descendant organism that are studied.
    B. Embryology2. Comparing and contrasting cell structures found within an organism.
    C. Cytology3. Comparisons of the early development stages of an organism.
    D. DNA evidence4. Comparing similarities and differences between amino acid sequences in two organisms.
    Solution
    Fossils are the preserved remains of primitive organisms that serve as proof of evolution and support the view that living organisms are under constant evolution (A-1). 
    Embryology follows biogenetic law and studies similarities and dissimilarities between early developmental stages of animals as well as different developmental stages of same animal to establish evolutionary relations among them (B-3). 
    Cytology studies with structure, reproduction, function and complete life cycle of cell of an organism and reflects the basic relationship among different organisms (C-2). 
    DNA is the genetic material that carries genetic information regarding corresponding amino acid sequence of proteins. Accumulation of differences in their genomes and thus, amino acid sequence of their proteins parallels divergent evolution of species while conservation of DNA sequences leads to convergent evolution (D-4). 
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial, while wolf is a placental mammal. This shows 
    Solution
    Correct option -A

    Explanation for correct option -
    • Convergent evolution refers to the formation of similar traits by unrelated groups of organisms. 
    • In this kind of evolution, development of similar adaptive functional structures are seen in unrelated groups of organisms. 
    • Tasmanian wolf and wolf are distantly related but they have developed similar morphological features independently. 
    • Thus both these animals show convergent evolution. 
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The conditions under which amino acid molecules might have been become bonded together to form the first protein molecules was suggested by 
    Solution
    According to Oparin, the conditions that prevailed on primitive earth about 4 million years ago were ideal for chemical evolution. The primitive atmosphere of earth was reducing atmosphere that lacks molecular oxygen but was rich in water vapour, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen. The absence of oxygen allowed the formed peptides to remain unspoiled and facilitated further chemical reactions to produce more complex protein structures.  The high temperature, UV light and lightening served as an energy source for the polymerization of amino acids. The absence of living organisms prevented degradation of peptides by microbes. 
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which time period is known as the 'revolutionary age'? 
    Solution
    The Revolutionary movement for Indian independence comprised the actions of the underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against . the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to  the generally Peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The revolutionary groups were mainly concentrated in Bengal, Bihar, the United Provinces and Punjab. The revolutionary philosophies and movement made its presence felt during the 1905 Partition of Bengal.
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