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Evolution Test - 81

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Evolution Test - 81
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Suborder Pleocyemata includes both crabs and lobsters. Both possess a tail but in crabs this structure is very small and not used. This structure cannot be considered as an example of
    Solution
    For convergent evolution to occur, the organisms should not be closely related. The organisms evolve similar traits independent of each other. In this case, both have developed a tail but they belong to the same suborder. Hence, it cannot be considered as convergent evolution. 
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    In a particular population, if the frequency of the recessive allele is 0.6 then the frequency of dominant allele is
    Solution
    The frequency of the dominant allele is denoted by p. The frequency of the recessive allele is 0.6 which is denoted by q. So, q = 0.6
    According to Hardy-Weinberg principle, 
    p + q = 1
    p + 0.6 = 1
    p = 1 - 0.6
    p = 0.4
    Thus, the correct answer is option D. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    The highest evolutionary fitness is shown by
    Solution
    Evolutionary fitness refers to the possession of characters that impart survival and reproductive advantage to individual over others. Hence, a gorilla that reproduces several times and leaves offspring to maintain continuity of its species is showing the highest evolutionary fitness among the given options. Ability to catch prey or avoid predator or wound healing or longevity surely represent the successful life of that organism but does not ensure continuity of its species. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is incorrect about the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
    Solution
    The Hardy-Weinberg model describes and predicts genotype and allele frequencies in a non-evolving population. The model has five basic assumptions: 1) the population is large (i.e., there is no genetic drift); 2) there is no gene flow between populations, from migration or transfer of gametes; 3) mutations are negligible; 4) individuals are mating randomly; and 5) natural selection is not operating on the population. Given these assumptions, a population's genotype and allele frequencies will remain unchanged over successive generations, and the population is said to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Read the passage and answer the following question.

    The long term research project studies a salamander species that inhabits several wet, cool valleys within a mountain range. Over a period of time the sizes of several populations are recorded, including Populations A, B, and C shown on the map. The project also froze tissue samples from the populations and later analyzed the samples for allele frequencies at Locus 1 and Locus 2. There are two alleles at Locus 1, dominant T and recessive t:  and there are two alleles at Locus 2, dominant W and recessive w. The population sizes and allele frequencies over the 90-year study are presented in table 1. The salamanders reach maturity in one year and reproduce once each year. Populations B and C were originally connected to Population A by a mountain pass through which the salamanders passed during the summer months. In 1915, a mine was developed in the mountain pass between Populations A and B, preventing further migration of the salamanders between the two populations. The following year, the construction of a road prevented future migration of salamanders between Populations A and C. There were no other changes in the environment, other than a significant warming and reduction of rain from 1993 to 1950 that affected the habitats of Populations A, B, and C equally.

    The condition occurs after the development of the road is

  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Identify the correct order of appearance of the following organisms on the surface of earth.
    I. Eukaryotes
    II. Heterotrophic organisms
    III. Metazoa
    IV. Photosynthetic organisms
    Solution
    First living organisms on earth were chemoheterotrophs (II) that do not perform oxygenic photosynthesis and used available organic molecules as source of carbon and energy source. Due to limited supply of organic compounds, organisms evolved photosystem to capture sunlight to be used as source of energy thereby leading to origin of photoautotrophs (IV). Both of these were prokaryotes and gradually increasing complexity of body organization lead to evolution of eukaryotes (I). Metazoa (also known as Animalia) includes multicellular eukaryotic organisms which appeared after unicellular eukaryotes (III).
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0

    Read the two incidents given below.

    Incident 1: A species of moth is preyed on by bats. Over  hundreds of years, the moths develop a sophisticated pattern of flying when they hear the screech of a bat and which helps them to escape danger. Other changes occurs like, when the current moth mates with its ancestor moth, no viable eggs are produced.

    Incident 2: A species of frogs is living in a pond near an earthquake fault line. A earthquake separates the frog population into two separate populations. After hundreds of years, the two groups are unable to mate. 

    Incident 2 is an example of

    Solution
    Species is group of individuals that can potentially interbreed to produce fertile offspring. Geographical isolation of two population prevented gene flow among the them and accumulation of genetic variation with time diverged then into two different species which are no longer able to interbreed. Evolution of population in different directions from a common ancestry leads for development of new species and is called as divergent evolution. Convergent evolution leads to merging of two different populations into one. Survival of fittest refers to unequal ability of individuals to survive and reproduce based on suitability of their inherited characters to prevailing environmental conditions; this is not mentioned in case 2. Stabilizing and direction selection represent two different modes of natural selection. 
    Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    For a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, a characteristic of population is
    Solution
    The Hardy-Weinberg law states that in an infinitely large, interbreeding population in which mating is random and in which there is no selection, migration, or mutation, gene and genotype frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Convergent evolution will not take place in
    Solution
    Convergent evolution refers to development of similar structure in two distant organisms as a response to adaptation to same environmental conditions. It occurs in the organisms sharing common niche and leads to formation of analogous organs. Splitting of existing species into daughter species or transformation of existing species into new one without formation of any lineage species is termed as speciation. The spplitted species exhibit divergent evolution. Option D is correct answer. 
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    The concept of stabilizing selection is described by

    Solution
    When natural selection tends to decrease genetic diversity and the mean value of population stabilizes over a particular trait, it is referred to as stabilizing selection (graph I). Directional selection favors one of the extreme traits and shifts the graph over that trait (graph II) while disruptive selection favors both extreme traits (graph III). Thus, the correct answer is option A.
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