Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 85

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Question 1
1 / -0

One way to classify humans is by their blood type. There are over two dozen ways to group blood types. One of them is by the presence of the D antigen on the surface of blood cells. If an individual expresses the D antigen, they are referred to as Rh positive. This is controlled by an autosomal dominant allele. In a given town, 16% of the student population is considered Rh negative.
If this town's high school has 2,000 students, how many would you expect to be heterozygous for the D antigen?

A
$$160$$

B
$$320$$

C
$$720$$

D
$$538$$

Solution

16% of the student population is Rh$$^-$$, that the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is .16
The frequency of the dominant allele is determined by p+q = 1
p + 0.16 = 1
p = 1 - 0.16
= 0.84
According to the Hardy Wienberg equation, the heterozygous condition in the population is represented by 2pq
= 2 (.16 x 0.84)
=0.2688
For a population size of 2000 = 0.2688 x 2000
= 538
Question 2
1 / -0

A population of squirrels has 100 black individuals and 400 grey individuals.
What is the phenotype frequency of black squirrels?

A
0.04

B
0.2

C
0.25

D
0.45

Solution

The Hardy-Weinberg law can be used under some circumstances to calculate genotype frequencies from allele frequencies. Let A1 and A2 be two alleles at the same locus,
p is the frequency of allele A1 0 =< p =< 1
q is the frequency of allele A2 0 =< q =< 1 and p + q = 1
if they procreate : (p + q)² = p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where:
p² = frequency of the A1 A1 genotype <-- HOMOZYGOUS
2pq = frequency of the A1 A2 genotype <-- HETEROZYGOTE
q² = frequency of the A2 A2 genotype <-- HOMOZYGOUS
these frequencies remain constant in successive generations. So, the correct answer is " 0.2 ".
Question 3
1 / -0

Which of the following questions would best be tested using mathematical modeling?

A
How has climate change affected the survival rate of polar bear cubs?

B
If 75% of individuals with a dominant phenotype do not reproduce, how many generations will it take for the dominant allele to be eliminated from the population?

C
What is the inheritance pattern of a newly discovered fruit fly eye color trait?

D
What is the minimum concentration of DDT that will kill mosquitoes?

Solution

Mathematical modeling:-Is the practice of making sense of the world through a mathematical perspective.
Purpose of a mathematical model:- The model formulation process clarifies assumptions, variables and parameters. The behavior of precise mathematical models can be analyzed using mathematical methods and computer simulations. Modeling is an experimental tool for testing theories and assessing quantitative conjectures.
So, the correct answer is "If 75% of individuals with a dominant phenotype do not reproduce, how many generations will it take for the dominant allele to be eliminated from the population?
Question 4
1 / -0

One way to classify humans is by their blood type. There are over two dozen ways to group blood types. One of them is by the presence of the D antigen on the surface of blood cells. If an individual expresses the D antigen, they are referred to as Rh positive. This is controlled by an autosomal dominant allele. In a given town, 16% of the population is considered Rh negative.
If this town's high school has 2,000 students, how many would you expect to have the homozygous recessive genotype?

A
$$160$$

B
$$320$$

C
$$480$$

D
$$720$$

Solution

Autosomal dominant allele:- The first allele is dominant and the second allele is recessive.
total number of town's high school- 2000. then we have to calculate the 16% of the 2000 is 320.
So, the correct answer is "320".
Question 5
1 / -0

In the late 1970's, the Galapagos Islands experienced a severe drought that sharply reduced the finch population living there. It was discovered that only finches with large, thick beaks survived the drought as they subsisted on cactus, which are drought tolerant plants.
In the early 1980's, the Galapagos Islands underwent an El Nino event that led to higher annual levels of precipitation than normal. This climate event occurred just a few years after the drought. The increase in rainfall led to a dramatic increase in growth of seed-producing plants, which led to an abundance of foods for seed-eating finches, which have small, short beaks.
The increase in rainfall also decreased the availability of cactuses on the islands. Which of the following would you predict occurred in the finch population as a result of the second change in climate?

A
The variety present in the finch population did not change due to changes in climate.

B
The population of short-beaked finches increased while the population of large beaked birds decreased.

C
The large-beaked finches increased in number while the short-beaked finches decreased in number.

D
The number of finches of each type both decreased due to the change in climate.

E
The large-beaked finches hybridized with the short-beaked finches.

Solution

The finches show the case of natural selection. According to Darwin's concept of natural selection, as a struggle for existence, only those organisms could survive which have favourable variation to adapt with the environmental conditions. In other words, struggle for existence results in survival of the fittest which means that natural selection tends to favour those organisms which are most fit to survive with the reproductive age in a particular environment and to produce offspring.
Hence, as result of second change in the environment, short beaked finches will predominate as they will be able to survive but the population of long beaked finches will decline a they won't be able to adapt to the change in environment.
So, the correct answer is 'The population of short-beaked finches increased while the population of large beaked birds decreased'.
Question 6
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Find the mis-match from the following pairs.

A
Divergent evolution $$\rightarrow$$ Thorn from of bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita

B
Adaptive radiation $$\rightarrow$$ Australian marsupials

C
Natural selection $$\rightarrow$$ Industrial melanism

D
Genetic drift $$\rightarrow$$ Constant gene frequency
Solution
- Genetic drift describes random fluctuations in the numbers of gene variants in a population.
- It takes place when the occurrence of variant forms of a gene, called alleles, increases and decreases by chance over time.
- So, the gene frequency keeps on changing and is not constant.
- Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

Human earwax texture is determined by a single gene with two alleles, wet and dry. Dry is recessive and wet is dominant.
Evidence suggests that the dry allele first appeared in Eastern Asia about 2,000 generations ago. The frequency of the dry allele in a European population is .15. What percentage of this population is expected to have the wet earwax phenotype?

A
0.02

B
0.26

C
0.72

D
0.85

Solution

According to Hardy Wienberg's principle the sum of the two alleles is 1, where the dominant allele is represented by p, while the recessive allele is represented by q, that is, p + q = 1
Here, the dry allele percentage in the population is .15
Therefore, the wet allele percentage is = 1 - .15 = .85
So, the correct answer is '0.85'
Question 8
1 / -0

Convergent evolution in closely related species is called

A
Adaptive radiation

B
Divergent evolution

C
Parallel evolution

D
Both A and C

Solution

Convergent evolution is similar to parallel evolution, which occurs when two independent species evolve in the same direction and thus independently acquire similar characteristics. For example, Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial while a wolf is a placental mammal.
So, the correct answer is "Parallel evolution".
Question 9
1 / -0

Examine the data showing the percent identity of the GAPDH gene and protein sequences between humans and the three species shown below.
Species Gene Identity Protein Identity
Chimpanzee 99.6% 100%
Fruit Fry 72.4% 76.7%
Roundworm 68.2% 74.3%
Provide a plausible reason for why the percent identity between gene sequences is lower than the percent identity of protein sequences.

A
Multiple codons code for the same amino acid.

B
Introns are likely to have different sequences.

C
Differences in DNA sequences are edited when the mRNA is transcribed.

D
Amino acids cannot be substituted without consequence.

Solution

The coding sequences on the genes differ due to different ancestral lineages, however since an amino acid is coded by multiple codons, that is a single amino acid is represented by more than one codons, even though the genetic code varies in different organisms, they may happen to code for the same amino acid. The property also known as degeneracy of genetic code.
So, the correct answer is 'Multiple codons code for the same amino acid'
Question 10
1 / -0

In a particular population of mice that lives in the Southwestern United States, there are two fur color variants: black and light brown. The black fur is a dominant trait in these mice. The population described lives in an area dominated by dark-colored rock and that is populated by owls that prey upon mice that do not blend into the environment. The frequency of the black fur allele in this particular population is 0.6.
If the rock were to become covered by sand dunes, what change in the population would you predict?

A
The frequency of the dark fur color would increase.

B
The frequency of the light fur color would decrease.

C
The frequency of the dark fur color would decrease.

D
The frequency of the allele for fur color would remain the same.

E
The allele .frequencies for dark and light fur color would become equai.

Solution

Black fur mice is dominant in the area as it can escape the owls by blending with the dark-coloured rocks. If the rock will get covered by sand dunes, then light fur mice will be able to escape the owls and predominate in the area as they will be able to blend with the environment but the dark fur mice will be unable to do this. Hence, dark fur mice will be eaten by the owls and light fur mice will predominate in the area. This is in accordance with Darwin's natural selection that as a struggle for existence, only those organisms could survive which have favourable variation to adapt with the environmental conditions. In other words, struggle for existence results in survival of the fittest which means that natural selection tends to favour those organisms which are most fit to survive with the reproductive age in a particular environment and to produce offspring.
Hence, the frequency of mice having light fur will increase.
So, the correct answer is 'The frequency of the light fur color would increase'.

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p is the frequency of allele A1		0 =< p =< 1
q is the frequency of allele A2		0 =< q =< 1 and p + q = 1

Species	Gene Identity	Protein Identity
Chimpanzee	99.6%	100%
Fruit Fry	72.4%	76.7%
Roundworm	68.2%	74.3%

Evolution Test - 85

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Evolution Test - 85

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

$$160$$

$$320$$

$$720$$

$$538$$

Solution

Question 2

0.04

0.2

0.25

0.45

Solution

Question 3

How has climate change affected the survival rate of polar bear cubs?

If 75% of individuals with a dominant phenotype do not reproduce, how many generations will it take for the dominant allele to be eliminated from the population?

What is the inheritance pattern of a newly discovered fruit fly eye color trait?

What is the minimum concentration of DDT that will kill mosquitoes?

Solution

Question 4

$$160$$

$$320$$

$$480$$

$$720$$

Solution

Question 5

The variety present in the finch population did not change due to changes in climate.

The population of short-beaked finches increased while the population of large beaked birds decreased.

The large-beaked finches increased in number while the short-beaked finches decreased in number.

The number of finches of each type both decreased due to the change in climate.

The large-beaked finches hybridized with the short-beaked finches.

Solution

Question 6

Divergent evolution $$\rightarrow$$ Thorn from of bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita

Adaptive radiation $$\rightarrow$$ Australian marsupials

Natural selection $$\rightarrow$$ Industrial melanism

Genetic drift $$\rightarrow$$ Constant gene frequency

Solution

Question 7

0.02

0.26

0.72

0.85

Solution

Question 8

Adaptive radiation

Divergent evolution

Parallel evolution

Both A and C

Solution

Question 9

Multiple codons code for the same amino acid.

Introns are likely to have different sequences.

Differences in DNA sequences are edited when the mRNA is transcribed.

Amino acids cannot be substituted without consequence.

Solution

Question 10

The frequency of the dark fur color would increase.

The frequency of the light fur color would decrease.

The frequency of the dark fur color would decrease.

The frequency of the allele for fur color would remain the same.

The allele .frequencies for dark and light fur color would become equai.

Solution

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