Evolution Test

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Evolution Test - 92

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Question 1
1 / -0

A well preserved and most complete homonid fossil named Lucy belongs to genus

A
Dryopithecus

B
Oreopithecus

C
Pithecanthropus

D
Australopithecus

Solution

Australopithecus discovered from Africa by Raymond Dart and commonly called Tuang Baby and Lucy (female) or African Ape man belongs to Australopithecus. It was considered to be a pre-man or ape-man, a connective link between man and apes.
So, the correct option is D.
Question 2
1 / -0

Choose the correct answers from the alternatives given .
Through study of the geologic record, we know that the evolution of life has been profoundly influenced by

A
bombardment of the Earth by celestial objects

B
profound shifts in land masses, shorelines, and oceans

C
physical and chemical evolution of the Earth

D
all of the above

Solution

Evolution is a key unifying principle. Evolutionary biology is the study of the history of the development of newer forms of life from the pre-existing ones in various periods of time on earth. The geological record refers to the deposits laid down by the volcano or sediments like clay, sands etc., including all its fossil content and the information it yields about the Earth's history. So, the correct option is "all of the above".
Question 3
1 / -0

Any change in the gene pool or allele frequencies present in a population results in :

A
Evolution

B
Deletion

C
Gene mutation

D
Polymorphism
Solution
- The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and are constant from generation to generation.
- Various factors like mutations, recombination during sexual reproduction, Genetic Drift, Gene Migration and Natural Selection can alter allele frequency leading to evolution.
So, the correct answer is 'Evolution'
Question 4
1 / -0

Two zoogeographical regions separated by high mountain ranges _______________.

A
Oriental and Australian

B
Palaearctic and Oriental

C
Nearctic and Palaearctic

D
Neotropical and Ethiopian

Solution

Sclatter in 1857 recognised six zoogeographical regions on the basis of the distribution of terrestrial vertebrates, chiefly mammals.
(i) The Palaearctic region
(ii) The Ethiopian region
(iii) The Indian region (Oriental)
(iv) The Australian region
(v) The Neotropical region
(vi) The Neoarctic region. The Palaearctic region includes the whole northern part | of the Old World, i.e. whole of Europe, northern part of | Africa and Asia, North of the Himalayas. Oriental region includes the whole of India, Ceylon, South China, Burma, Thailand, Malaya of Peninsula, Malayan Islands. The Palaerctic and Oriental regions are separated by Himalayan range.
So, the correct answer is 'B'.
Question 5
1 / -0

Choose the wrong statement regarding Hardly-Weinberg principle :

A
Allele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation.

B
Sum total of all the allelic frequencies in a population is 1.

C
Variation due to genetic drift results in changed frequency of genes and alleles in future generations.

D
Natural selection can lead to stabilisation, directional change or disruption.

E
Genetic recombination helps in maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Solution
1. The Hardy Weinberg principle states that allele frequencies in a population are stable and are constant from generation to generation.
2. Sum total of all the allelic frequencies in a population is 1. Disruption in the total can be interpreted as accumulation or change in variations that results in evolution.
3. The various factors resulting in changed frequency of alleles are :
Gene migration or gene flow, Genetic drift, Mutation, Genetic recombination, Natural selection.
4. Natural selection can lead to :
Stabilization: In which more individuals acquire mean character value.
Directional changes: Occurs when more individuals acquire value other than the mean character value.
Disruption: more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve.
5. Genetic recombination distrupts allelic frequencies and disturbs Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
So, the correct answer is 'Genetic recombination helps in maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium'
Question 6
1 / -0

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the allelic frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation under which of the two conditions?
(a) Large population size
(b) Non-random mating
(c) There should be differential success among the organisms of the poppulation
(d) There should be no mutation or large scale migrations

A
(a) and (b)

B
(b) and (c)

C
(a) and (c)

D
(a) and (d)

Solution

Five conditions are required in order for a population to remain at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium :
1. A large breeding population
2. Random mating
3. No change in allelic frequency due to mutation
4. No immigration or emigration
5. No natural selection
So, the correct option is '(a) and (d)'.
Question 7
1 / -0

Theory of special creation does not believe in :

A
Changeable flora and fauna

B
Constant diversity

C
Unchangeable forms of organism

D
4000 years old earth

Solution

In Creationism, special creation is a theological doctrine which states that the universe and all life in it originated in its present form by unconditional fiat or divine decree. There are believes in the theory of special creation. These points are as follows:

A. All living organisms were created same day [NO DIFFERENCE IN THEIR APPEARANCE].
B. They were created in the present form [NO EVOLUTION].
C. Their bodies and organs are fully developed to meet the requirement to run the life [NO ADAPTATION]
So the correct answer is "changeable flora and fauna".
Question 8
1 / -0

Read the statements (i-iv) and choose the correct option:
i. Increase in melanized moths after industrialization in Great Britain is a proof of Natural Selection.
ii. More individuals acquiring mean character value cause disruption.
iii. Change in allelic frequency leads to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
iv. Genetic drift changes allelic frequency in future generations.

A
ii is correct

B
iv is correct

C
i and iv are correct

D
ii and iv are correct

Solution

1. Industrial melanisation leading to the reversal in proportion of white and dark-winged moth is an example of evolution by natural selection.
2. More individuals acquiring mean character value causes stabilization.
3. Change in Allelic frequency distrupts Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
4. Various factors capable of changing allelic frequency are Gene migration or gene flow, Genetic drift, Mutation, Genetic recombination, Natural selection.
So, the correct option is 'i and iv are correct'.
Question 9
1 / -0

A human population containing $$200$$ individuals has two alleles at the 'T' locus, named T & t. T, which produces tall individuals, is dominant over t, which produces short individuals. If the population has $$90$$ TT, $$40$$ Tt, and $$40$$ tt genotypes, what will be the frequencies of these two alleles in this population?

A
$$T, 0.50; t, 0.50$$

B
$$T, 0.55; t, 0.45$$

C
$$T, 0.45; t, 0.35$$

D
$$T, 0.90; t, 0.10$$

Solution

frequency = no. of individuals with allele distribution/total no. of individuals
t$$^2$$ = 40/200 = 1/5

t = 0.4472 = 0.45

as we know , T + t = 1

T = 1-0.45

T = 0.55

So, correct answer to the question is 'T=0.55, t=0.45'.
Question 10
1 / -0

Which of these are examples of evolution by anthropogenic action?
(i) Adaptive radiation of marsupials of Australia.
(ii) Appearance of antibiotic resistant microbes.
(iii) Evolution of finches in Galapagos islands.
(iv) Appearance of dark winged moth in England during post industrialisation period.
(v) Convergent evolution of placental mammals in Australia.

A
(i) and (ii)

B
(v) only

C
(ii) only

D
(ii) and (iv) only

E
(iii) and (v) only
Solution
- Adaptive radiation of marsupials in Australia, convergent evolution of placental mammals in Australia, the evolution of finches in Galapagos islands are examples of evolution due to environmental changes and do not involve human intervention.
- The appearance of antibiotic-resistant microbes and dark winged moth in England during the post-industrialization period is due to repeated and prolonged use of antibiotics and industrial pollution respectively involving human intervention, hence called anthropogenic evolution.
So, the correct option is option D.

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Evolution Test - 92

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Evolution Test - 92

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Dryopithecus

Oreopithecus

Pithecanthropus

Australopithecus

Solution

Question 2

bombardment of the Earth by celestial objects

profound shifts in land masses, shorelines, and oceans

physical and chemical evolution of the Earth

all of the above

Solution

Question 3

Evolution

Deletion

Gene mutation

Polymorphism

Solution

Question 4

Oriental and Australian

Palaearctic and Oriental

Nearctic and Palaearctic

Neotropical and Ethiopian

Solution

Question 5

Allele frequencies in a population are stable and constant from generation to generation.

Sum total of all the allelic frequencies in a population is 1.

Variation due to genetic drift results in changed frequency of genes and alleles in future generations.

Natural selection can lead to stabilisation, directional change or disruption.

Genetic recombination helps in maintaining Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Solution

Question 6

(a) and (b)

(b) and (c)

(a) and (c)

(a) and (d)

Solution

Question 7

Changeable flora and fauna

Constant diversity

Unchangeable forms of organism

4000 years old earth

Solution

Question 8

ii is correct

iv is correct

i and iv are correct

ii and iv are correct

Solution

Question 9

$$T, 0.50; t, 0.50$$

$$T, 0.55; t, 0.45$$

$$T, 0.45; t, 0.35$$

$$T, 0.90; t, 0.10$$

Solution

Question 10

(i) and (ii)

(v) only

(ii) only

(ii) and (iv) only

(iii) and (v) only

Solution

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