Human Health and Disease Test

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Human Health and Disease Test - 21

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

An ovoviviparous parasite is

A
Taenia

B
Wuchereria

C
Ascaris

D
Plasmodium

Solution

Ovoviviparous organism is the one in which the eggs hatch in the uterus and the free young ones are released from the female. Females of Wuchereria are ovoviviparous and can produce thousands of juveniles known as micofilariae.
Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Question 2
1 / -0

Sensory structures in Ascaris are

A
Phasmids

B
Amphids

C
Papillae

D
All of the above

Solution

The sense organ of Ascaris is simple elevations supplied by the nerve. They include various papillae, aphids and phasmids. The dorsal lip bears two-minute double papillae whereas single papillae are called as amphid. The amphids are probably chemoreceptors, while the other sensory papillae are perhaps tango receptors. Phasmids are chemoreceptors that open one on either side of the tail of female.
So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'
Question 3
1 / -0

AIDS virus contains or Human immuno deficiency (HIV) virus has protein coat and genetic material which is

A
Single stranded RNA with protein

B
Double stranded RNA

C
Single stranded DNA with protein

D
Double stranded DNA

Solution

HIV virus is a retrovirus which contains single stranded RNA surrounded by protein coat (core shell) as genetic material. It causes AIDS.
Question 4
1 / -0

Filariform is the larva of

A
Platyheminthes

B
Aschelminthes

C
Annelids

D
Arthropods
Solution
- Filariform is the infective third-stage larva of the hookworm, Ascaris, and other nematodes.
- Ascaris belongs to the phylum Aschelminthes.
Thus, the correct answer is option B.
Question 5
1 / -0

Study of interaction of antigens and antibodies in the blood is considered in the branch of

A
Cryobiology

B
Serology

C
Haematology

D
Angiology

Solution

Cryobiology is the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living things.
Serology is the scientific study of plasma serum and other bodily fluids. Studying antigens and antibodies interaction will be considered under serology.
Haematology is the branch of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases related tot he blood.
Angiology is the study of diseases of the circulatory system.
So, the correct answer is an option B.
Question 6
1 / -0

At which stage, of HIV infection does one usually show symptoms of AIDS?

A
Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person

B
When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells

C
When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

D
When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and starts to reduce the number of T cells by destroying them.

Solution

There are three stages in the development of AIDS.
The first stage is 'acute HIV infection' which is the earliest stage of HIV and develops within 2-4 weeks after a person is infected with HIV and here people have flu-like symptoms.
The second stage is 'chronic HIV infection' where HIV continues to multiply in the body but at very low levels.
The last and final stage of HIV infection is AIDS. AIDS is diagnosed when a person with HIV has a T lymphocytes count of less than 200 cells/cubic mm and/or one or more opportunistic infections. HIV uses the machinery of these T lymhocytes for replication and destroys them rapidly. Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 7
1 / -0

............... is/are the characteristic/s of acquired immunity

A
Specificity of antigen

B
Difference between self and non-self

C
Memory retention

D
All of the above
Solution
Acquired immunity or adaptive immunity develops following exposure to an antigen and is mediated by B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes or both, having a specific surface receptor for the same antigen.
Following are the characteristics of acquired immunity:
- Diversity: They can respond to millions of different antigens.
- Antibody specificity: Ability of the antibody to recognize the specific antigen (even antigen molecule differing by a single amino acid). The response is directed only towards the initiated pathogen.
- Immunologic memory: Once recognized and responded to an antigen, the system is able to respond more strongly to subsequent exposure even after many years.
- Discrimination between self and non-self: It can differentiate self-cells (host cells) from foreign cells and molecules. Only foreign particles are attacked. Failure of this discrimination results in auto-immune diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
Question 8
1 / -0

Inflammatory response in allergy is caused by the release of which one of the following by mast cells?

A
Histamines

B
Antibodies

C
Antigens

D
None of the above

Solution

The inflammatory response in allergies occurs when the tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins or by any other cause. The damaged cells (like mast cells) release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin and prostaglandins.
The underlying mechanism of allergic reaction involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE), part of the body's immune system, binding to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine
Thus, the correct answer is the option (A), 'Histamines'.
Question 9
1 / -0

AIDS virus can enter into man by which of the following medium?

A
Through food

B
Through kissing

C
Through water

D
Through blood
Solution
- HIV spreads by having sexual contact or by sharing injection drug equipment, such as needles with someone who has HIV.
- Only certain fluids like blood, semen, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk from an HIV-infected person can transmit HIV.
So, the correct answer is option D.
Question 10
1 / -0

HIV causes reduction of

A
T-helper cells only

B
All T-cells

C
B-cells only

D
Both B and T-cells

Solution

The T helper cells are a type of T-cells that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. They help the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines. When the HIV infects the man it enters into the T-helper cells for replication and they utilize metabolic mechanism from T- helper cells. By the viral replication, T-helper cells get damaged and their number is gradually reduced.
So, the correct answer is 'T-helper cells only'

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Human Health and Disease Test - 21

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Human Health and Disease Test - 21

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SHARING IS CARING

Question 1

Taenia

Wuchereria

Ascaris

Plasmodium

Solution

Question 2

Phasmids

Amphids

Papillae

All of the above

Solution

Question 3

Single stranded RNA with protein

Double stranded RNA

Single stranded DNA with protein

Double stranded DNA

Solution

Question 4

Platyheminthes

Aschelminthes

Annelids

Arthropods

Solution

Question 5

Cryobiology

Serology

Haematology

Angiology

Solution

Question 6

Within 15 days of sexual contact with an infected person

When the infecting retrovirus enters host cells

When viral DNA is produced by reverse transcriptase

When HIV replicates rapidly in helper T-lymphocytes and starts to reduce the number of T cells by destroying them.

Solution

Question 7

Specificity of antigen

Difference between self and non-self

Memory retention

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

Histamines

Antibodies

Antigens

None of the above

Solution

Question 9

Through food

Through kissing

Through water

Through blood

Solution

Question 10

T-helper cells only

All T-cells

B-cells only

Both B and T-cells

Solution

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