Human Health and Disease Test - 54

• 'AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is caused by the HIV virus. It breaks down the body immune system, leaving the patient vulnerable to a host of life-threatening opportunistic infections.
• The first AIDS cases in the world were reported in the United States in June 1981.
• In  India, in the year 1986, the first known case of HIV was diagnosed by Dr Suniti Solomon and her student Dr Sellappan Nirmala amongst female sex workers in Chennai, The virus found was HIV-1.
• Hence AIDS virus found in India is HIV-1.
• So, the correct answer is 'HIV-1'

• An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to normal body parts. Common symptoms include low-grade fever and feeling tired.
  
• Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints.
  
• Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
  
• Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease as in this condition the immune system destroys the body's own insulin-making cells present in the pancreas. This results in the dysregulation of blood-sugar level.
• Symptoms include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. It is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic beta cells are destroyed.
  

Ascaris lumbricoides is the large and most common roundworm infecting human beings. It is responsible for ascariasis disease. An estimated one-sixth of the human population is infected by Ascaris lumbricoides. The mode of transmission of disease in humans is via the faecal-oral route i.e., when a person consumes food and water contaminated with Ascaris. Eggs released by adult females are shed in faeces. So, the correct answer is 'Contaminated food and water'.