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Human Health and Disease Test - 71

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Human Health and Disease Test - 71
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Choose the wrong statement.
    Solution
    The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the RNA-containing virus belong to the retrovirus. It targets the immune system especially TH cells, where they replicate. As the virus destroys and impairs the function of immune cells, infected individuals gradually become immunodeficient. It is transmitted from infected to healthy man through body fluid by sexual contact or sharing a needle with an infected person. The symptoms of HIV vary depending on the stage of infection. Though people living with HIV tend to be most infectious in the first few months, many are unaware of their status until later stages. The first few weeks after initial infection, individuals may experience no symptoms or an influenza-like illness including fever, headache, rash or a sore throat. It can be treated by using the anti-retroviral drug which is partially effective. Hence, the correct answer is option E.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    AIDS related complex (ARC) is a disease, which leads to fever, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, loss in weight etc., represents

    Solution
    ARC is an initial phase of infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The hyperactive B-cell humoral immune responses occur in ARC. It is characterised by the swelling of lymph nodes, resulting in lymphocyte depletion and degradation growing like AIDS. This all signals the transition of ARC towards full blown AIDS. Kaposi sarcoma is a symptom of AIDS-related complex.    
    So, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Which of the following cell is affected by HIV virus in AIDS patient?
    Solution
    HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically $$CD_4^+$$ T cells or T-4 lymphocytes), macrophages and dendritic cells. The T helper cells are a type of T-cell that plays an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. They help the activity of other immune cells by releasing T cell cytokines. Towards the end of an HIV infection, the number of functional CD4+ T cells falls, which leads to the symptomatic stage of infection called as AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).
    So, the correct answer is 'Helper T-cells'
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    Which of the following vaccines are vaccinated to babies at the age of one and half, two and half, and three and half months?
    Solution
    In India, the vaccines that are given to babies when they are one and half, two and half and three and half months old are Polio, DPT and HepatitisB. However, Hib vaccinations which are part of the vaccination schedule for western countries are recommended as optional by the Indian association of Pediatrics. This is so because of the reportedly lower rate of infection in India than the western countries,  and the vaccination is expensive one and not affordable by all.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Passive immunization was first developed by
    Solution
    Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies, from one individual to another. Passive immunity can occur naturally when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta or can be induced artificially, when high levels of human antibodies specific for a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune individuals.
    Emil Adolf von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburo discovered the antitoxin-based immunity to diphtheria and tetanus and antitoxin became the first major success of modern therapeutic immunology.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    A localised inflammatory response appears at the site of infection causes redness, swelling, pain and heat due to certain chemicals, they are
    Solution
    Redness, swelling, pain and heat are classical signs of acute inflammation. Inflammation is a tissue reaction to infection or injury. Mast cells are found in tissues and they appear to be the key players in the initiation of inflammation. It is responsible for bringing various other cells to the site of infection. Histamine is released from the granules of mast cells and are released from the mast cells by exocytosis, which increases the blood flow to the area. Thus, the quick release of histamine produces redness and swelling due to inflammation. Prostaglandins are another potent mediators of inflammation and produces these symptoms.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Psychoanalysis was founded by
    Solution
    Sigmund Freud was one of the first scientists to make serious research of the mind. His studies on the causes and treatment of the mental disorders helped form many ideas in psychiatry. Freud would come to be called the 'father of psychoanalysis'.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    Drugs that cause malformation in embryo during pregnancy are called as
    Solution
    Some drugs cause foetal abnormalities, when given to a pregnant women. These are called teratogens. The most well-known synthetic teratogen is thalidomide.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    The chemical component of Valium is 
    Solution
    Valium is a benzodiazepine. It is the trademark for the preparation of diazepam. It affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause anxiety. It is used to treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, or muscle spasms.
    Thus, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is a matching pair of the vector and the disease?
    Solution
    Yellow fever is an acute viral disease and it primarily spreads by mosquitoes of Aedes aegypti species. Typhoid is bacterial  infection caused by Salmonella typhi. Plague is caused by enterobacteria carried by small rodents. Culex is the genus of mosquitoes and serves as vectors and filariasis is one such disease for which Culex is the vector.
    Thus, the correct answer is option (A), 'Culex - Filariasis'.
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