Human Health and Disease Test - 74

Wuchereria Bancrofti is the causative agent of lymphatic filariasis. This disease is transferred by culex mosquitoes and is found mainly in the tropics and subtropics. They infect the lymphatic system and block the flow of lymph that leads to the swelling of limbs. It also called as elephantiasis. Hence, option A is the correct answer.

Correct option: (C)

Explanation for correct option: 

• Solar energy is an important source of renewable energy.
• The solar energy traps the solar radiation and converts it to it into DC converter by the photovoltaic cell which further converts it into alternating current which can be used for the commercial and domestic purpose.
• Pest control is a method used to stop the adverse effect of a pest on the metabolic process of the plant.
• The two terms are neither interdependent or interlinked with each other.

The disease known as potato blight had destroyed potato crops on a massive scale in Ireland, resulting in the starvation of many people and emigration of many others to USA.

Vaccines contained an attenuated or weakened form of disease-causing microorganisms which when injected in the body, elicits an immune response and generated memory cells against the infected germs.

• Myasthenia gravis shows its prominent symptoms like weakness of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body.  
• It is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease. 
• The receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction are blocked by the antibodies, which prevents muscle contraction. 
• The immune system attacks itself so it is also known as autoimmune disease.

One of the hallmarks of human cancers is the intrinsic or acquired resistance to apoptosis. Evasion of apoptosis may contribute to carcinogenesis, tumor progression and also to treatment resistance, since most current anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radio- and immunotherapy primarily act by activating cell death pathways including apoptosis in cancer cells.

The Rickettsiae are a diverse group of bacteria some of which can be transmitted to humans via the bites of fleas, lice, ticks or mites. Several Rickettsia species present in Australia are capable of causing disease in people. 
Syphilis is a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore typically on your genitals, rectum or mouth. Syphilis spreads from person to person via skin or mucous membrane contact with these sores.
Trichinosis (trik-ih-NO-sis), sometimes called trichinellosis, is a type of roundworm infection. Roundworm parasites use a host body to live and reproduce. Occurring primarily among meat-eating animals (carnivores) especially bears, foxes and walruses the infection is acquired by eating roundworm larvae in raw or undercooked meat. 
An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia relief from pain.  Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems. They are distinct from anesthetics, which reversibly eliminate sensation. Analgesics include paracetamol, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and oxycodone.
Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic composed of a mixture of related gentamicin components and fractions and is used to treat many types of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by Gram-negative organisms.
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eyedrops. The discovery of neomycin dates back to 1949. It was discovered in the lab of Selman Waksman, who was later awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1951. Neomycin belongs to aminoglycoside class of antibiotics that contain two or more aminosugars connected by glycosidic bonds. 

• T cells (thymus cells) and B cells (bone marrow-derived cells) are the major cellular components of the adaptive immune response. 
• T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas B cells are primarily responsible for humoral immunity (relating to antibodies). 
• The function of T cells and B cells is to recognize specific “non-self” antigens, during a process known as antigen presentation. 
• Once they have identified an invader, the cells generate specific responses that are tailored to maximally eliminate specific pathogens or pathogen-infected cells. 

Wuchereria bancrofti is the organism which causes filariasis in humans. The parasite completes its life cycle in two hosts. The humans serve as their definitive host. The Culex mosquitoes are the intermediate host. The organism transmits the disease with the help of Culex mosquitoes.

The endoplasmic reticulum functions as a cytoplasmic framework providing a surface for some of the biochemical activities of the for some of the biochemical activities of the cell. In the liver cells of vertegrates, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SEF) plsys a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs.