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Human Health and Disease Test - 77

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Human Health and Disease Test - 77
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Weekly Quiz Competition
  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    Who received Nobel Prize in 1951 for the development of vaccine for yellow fever?
    Solution
    • Max Theiler, a South African-American virologist who got the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine for developing a vaccine against yellow fever. 
    • Sir Ronald Ross was a British doctor, who received the noble prize for physiology or medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria.
    • Max Delbruck has often called the father of molecular biology. 
    • Francis Peyton Rous was awarded the Nobel prize in medicine for discovering that viruses are one of the causes of cancer.
      So, the correct answer is A.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    Match the causing agent/vector of column A with disease? spread/transmit by them in column B.
     Column A Column B
     A- Culex pipiens 1- Yellow fever/Breakbone fever
     B- Aedes aegypti 2- Elephantasis or filariasis
     C- Glossina palpalis 3- Kala-azar/Leishmaniasis
     D- Phlebotomus 4- Sleeping sickness/Trypnosomiasis
    Solution
    Culex pipiens and Aedes aegypti are the species of mosquitoes and carry causative agent of elephantiasis and yellow fever respectively. Culex pipiens also carries agent causes meningitis and urticaria. Glossina palpalis is the species of Tse-Tse fly that carries causing agent of sleeping sickness. It lives in the most humid area and thus such disease is most common in Africa. Phlebotomus is the genus of sand fly and is most common in the Mediterranian region. It is a vector of Kala-azar. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Select the correct combination of statements regarding the disease, myasthenia gravis.
    (i) It is an autoimmune disorder.
    (ii) It causes insufficient acetylcholine binding that affects muscular contraction.
    (iii) Antibodies are developed against acetylcholine.
    (iv) Antibodies are developed against acetylcholine receptors.
    (v) Antibodies are developed against acetylcholine esterase.
    (vi) It causes drooping of eyelids.
    Solution
    Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease. This disease caused to the neuromuscular junction, which is the contact point between nerves and muscles. When the acetylcholine binds to the receptors, it activates the muscles and causes a muscular contraction. The antibodies can block, alter, or destroy the acetylcholine receptors, thereby preventing the muscles from contracting. The muscles become weaker with time and are particularly vulnerable when undergoing continuous activity. One of the muscle groups that are often involved is the eyelid. The patients affected by this disease can be seen suffering from dropping of eyelids. 
    So, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    The psychological disorder, which is characterised by sadness, helplessness, low self-esteem, decline in interest, energy, concentration and changes in sleep pattern and appetite is called
    Solution
    Mood disorder is a psychological disorder characterized by sadness, helplessness, low self-esteem, the decline in interest, energy concentration and changes in sleep pattern and appetite, Some of the reasons for this disorder could be a failure in exams, loss of a job or a loved one. Hormonal fluctuations in male and female are the major cause of the mood disorders.
    So, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Which one pair of two conditions includes both as abnormal conditions of skin pigmentation?
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Fatty liver syndrome is due to excessive intake of
    Solution

    A.Correct option -C
    B. Explanation for correct option- C

    • The fatty liver syndrome occurs due to excessive intake of alcohol.
    • It is the build-up of fat in the liver.
    • Gradually the liver hardens and dries up.
    • The healthy cells of the liver are replaced by fibrous tissue.
    • This leads to a build-up of scar tissue in the liver and leads to cirrhosis.
    • Due to this, activities like protein synthesis and glycolysis are greatly reduced in the liver.
    • The structure of the liver also gets changed and blood flow is blocked.

  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Select the correct combination of statements regarding myasthenia gravis.
    I. It is an autoimmune disorder.
    II. It causes insufficient acetylcholine binding that effects muscular contraction.
    III. Antibodies are developed against acetylcholine.
    IV. Antibodies are developed against acetylcholine receptors.
    V. It causes drooping of eyelids.
    Solution
    Statements I, II, IV and V are correct.
    Myasthermia gravis is an autoimmune neutromuscular disease that is cogenital. It leads to muscle weakness. It is caused by circulating antibodies that block acetylcholine receptors at the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction inhibiting the excitatory effects of acetylcholine and nicotic receptors at neuromuscular junctions. First noticeable symptom is weakening of eye muscle leading to drooping of eyelids.
    It is treated medically with acetycholine esterase inhibitors or immuno suppressants.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    HIV infects all of the following except
    Solution
    HIV is a virus that targets and alters the immune system, increasing the risk and impact of other infections and diseases. It damages the immune system and infects macrophages, T- cells etc.
    So, the correct option is 'B-cells'.
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Which type of Immunity is responsible for graft Rejection?
    Solution
    The acquired immune response occurs in response to either a foreign antigen or a self-cell that has gone haywire. It mainly involves two types of cells or lymphocytes, the B lymphocytes and the T lymphocytes. The T cells are responsible for the phenomenon called graft rejection as they identify the transplanted tissue or organ as a foreign body and start attacking it.

    So, the correct answer is 'T-Lymphocytes Mediated'.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Periodic appearance of malaria symptoms occurs due to periodic 
    Solution
    Pyrogens are substances that cause a rise in blood temperature. These are released by the body in response to the pathogen or any pathogenic component present in the blood. A pyrogenic response is basically to eliminate the pathogenic components. In the case of malaria, fever is associated with rupture of intra-erythrocytic schizonts and release of the merozoites. These merozoites enters circulation and invades other red blood cells. Thus the correct answer is option D.
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