Human Health and Disease Test

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Human Health and Disease Test - 78

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Weekly Quiz Competition

Question 1
1 / -0

In close relation marriage, female becomes pregnant and her doctor advised her for taking immunosuppressants. So the disease characterised by muscular weakness in mother not transferred, to neonate. The disease and respective antibody may be?

A
Myasthenia gravis, IgM

B
Myasthenia gravis, IgG

C
Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgM

D
Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgG
Solution
A. Correct option - A
B. Explanation for correct option -
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease that destroys the skeletal muscles responsible for actions such as swallowing, breathing, etc.
It is caused due to the inability of muscles to respond to the nerve impulse due to the destruction of the receptors of acetylcholine on them
Thus, myasthenia gravis is characterised by fluctuating muscle weakness and muscles that tire easily.
Patients with IgM CA-antibodies had a much lower age of onset and 4/5 thymectomized patients had thymus hyperplasia.
Question 2
1 / -0

The human immuno deficiency virus (HIV) is a living entity because it can

A
Undergoes reproduction in the host cell

B
Disturb host cell respiration

C
Excrete in human serum

D
Move from one cell to another

Solution

HIV infects a type of white blood cell in the body’s immune system called a T-helper cell (also called a $$CD_4$$ cell). These vital cells keep us healthy by fighting off infections and diseases. HIV cannot grow or reproduce on its own. Instead, the virus attaches itself to a T-helper cell and fuses with it. It then takes control of the cell’s DNA, replicates itself inside the cell, and finally releases more HIV into the blood – continuing the multiplication process. This is the HIV life cycle.
So the correct option is 'Undergoes reproduction in the host cell'
Question 3
1 / -0

The HIV virus compromises the immune system mainly by infecting:

A
Cytotoxic 1-cells

B
Helper T-cells

C
Suppressor T-cells

D
Plasma cells

Solution

HIV attacks and kills immune systems cells known as Helper T cells. Without Helper T cells many other immune system cells cannot work properly, including B cells that make antibodies
So, the correct option is 'Helper T cells'.
Question 4
1 / -0

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus causes AIDS by

A
Depleting $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T-helper lymphocytes

B
Increasing $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T-helper lymphocytes

C
Depleting $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T- helper erythrocytes

D
Increasing $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T- helper erythrocytes

Solution

HIV causes AIDS by destroying or depleting the number of CD4+ cells or they may functionally impair the cells. This reduces the ability of the immune system to fight against diseases. So, the correct option is 'depleting CD+4 T-helper lymphocytes'.
Question 5
1 / -0

What are or were the HeLa Cells?

A
Cells from patients suffering from fatal disorders

B
Artificial cells produced by genetic engineering

C
Cells taken from a rare animal called HeLa

D
Cells from a black American woman who died in 1951

Solution

HeLa is an immortal cell line used in scientific research. It is the oldest and most commonly used human cell line. The line was derived from cervical cancer cells taken on February 8, 1951 from Henrietta Lacks, a patient who died of cancer on October 4, 1951. The cell line was found to be remarkably durable and prolific which warrants its extensive use in scientific research. The cells from Lacks's cancerous cervical tumor were taken without her knowledge or consent. Cell biologist George Otto Gey found that they could be kept alive, and isolated one specific cell, multiplied it, and developed a cell line. (Before this, cells cultured from other human cells would only survive for a few days; scientists spent more time trying to keep the cells alive than performing actual research on them. Cells from Lacks's tumor behaved differently.) As was custom for Gey's lab assistant, she labeled the culture 'HeLa', the first two letters of the patient's first and last name; this became the name of the cell line. These were the first human cells grown in a lab that were naturally "immortal", meaning that they do not die after a set number of cell divisions (i.e. cellular senescence). These cells could be used for conducting a multitude of medical experiments—if the cells died, they could simply be discarded and the experiment attempted again on fresh cells from the culture. This represented an enormous boon to medical and biological research, as previously stocks of living cells were limited and took significant effort to culture.
So the correct option is 'cells from a black American woman who died in 1951'.
Question 6
1 / -0

Vaccines are

A
treated bacteria or viruses or one of their proteins

B
MHC proteins

C
the same as monoclonal antibodies

D
all of the above
Solution
Correct Option: A
Explanation:
- The vaccine is a method of preparation to boost the immune response against the disease with help of a whole microorganism either live or attenuated or in killed form of antigenic proteins are introduced inside the body.
- The microorganism used could be bacteria or viruses. Vaccines generate memory B and T-cells that recognise the pathogen quickly on exposure.
Hence, Vaccines are treated bacteria or viruses or one of their proteins.
Question 7
1 / -0

Which of the following cells are infected in case of HIV infection?

A
$$T_H$$-cells

B
Macrophages

C
$$CD^+_4$$ cells

D
All of the above

Solution

HIV is a human immunodeficiency virus. When a person is infected by the HIV, it causes HIV infection. It affects the immune system of the body. It infects cells of the human immune system, such as helper T (T$$_H$$) cells (CD$$_{4+}$$ T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. Due to this, it is difficult for the body to fight off other infections.
Thus, the correct answer is 'All of the above.'
Question 8
1 / -0

Which is most common chromosomal aberration seen in cancer-

A
Deletion

B
Invention

C
Duplication

D
Translocation

Solution

A deletion mutation occurs when part of a DNA molecule is not copied during DNA replication. This uncopied part can be as small as single nucleotide or as much as an entire chromosome. The loss of this DNA during replication can lead to genetic disease.
So, the correct option is 'Deletion'.
Question 9
1 / -0

Which branch of biology is helpful in prevention of cancer by identification of certain genes

A
Cryobiology

B
Teratology

C
Molecular biology

D
Gerontology
Solution
- Cryobiology is the branch of biology that deals with effects of low temperatures on living things.
- Teratology is the branch of science which deals with the study of congenital abnormalities and abnormal physiological development.
- Molecular biology is the branch of biology which deals with the structure and function of the essential macromolecules. The major application of molecular biology to prevention and early detection of cancer and other diseases by identification of certain genes.
- Gerontology is the branch of science which deals with the study of old age, the process of aging, and the problems of aged people.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Molecular biology.'
Question 10
1 / -0

From the given below list, transgenic models exist for which one of them:-

A
Cancer

B
Crystic fibrosis

C
Rheumatoid arthitis

D
Alzheimer's

Solution

Transgenic models are genetically modified organisms in which the genome has been altered through random integration of gene sequences.
Mouse, Rat, Cell genome are some types of models used for cancer treatment.
So, the correct option is 'Cancer'.

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Human Health and Disease Test - 78

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Human Health and Disease Test - 78

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Question 1

Myasthenia gravis, IgM

Myasthenia gravis, IgG

Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgM

Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgG

Solution

Question 2

Undergoes reproduction in the host cell

Disturb host cell respiration

Excrete in human serum

Move from one cell to another

Solution

Question 3

Cytotoxic 1-cells

Helper T-cells

Suppressor T-cells

Plasma cells

Solution

Question 4

Depleting $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T-helper lymphocytes

Increasing $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T-helper lymphocytes

Depleting $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T- helper erythrocytes

Increasing $$CD_{4}^{+}$$ T- helper erythrocytes

Solution

Question 5

Cells from patients suffering from fatal disorders

Artificial cells produced by genetic engineering

Cells taken from a rare animal called HeLa

Cells from a black American woman who died in 1951

Solution

Question 6

treated bacteria or viruses or one of their proteins

MHC proteins

the same as monoclonal antibodies

all of the above

Solution

Question 7

$$T_H$$-cells

Macrophages

$$CD^+_4$$ cells

All of the above

Solution

Question 8

Deletion

Invention

Duplication

Translocation

Solution

Question 9

Cryobiology

Teratology

Molecular biology

Gerontology

Solution

Question 10

Cancer

Crystic fibrosis

Rheumatoid arthitis

Alzheimer's

Solution

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