Human Health and Disease Test - 9

Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.

The endogenous opioids are dynorphins, enkephalins, endorphins, endomorphins and nociceptin. The opioid receptors are ~40% identical to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Opioid receptors are distributed widely in the brain, and are also found in the spinal cord and digestive tract.

Opioids are most often used medically to relieve pain, and by people addicted to opioids.

Lysergic acid diethylamide is one of the most potent mood changing chemicals manufactured from lysergic acid, which is found in ergot fungus that grow on rye and other grains.

Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of alcohol. Regular consumption of alcohol damages the liver cells. Cirrhosis of liver is a serious condition when normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue.

Heroine or smack is chemically Diacetylmorphine which is a semi-synthetic opioid. It is the 3,6-diacetyl derivative of morphine (hence diacetylmorphine) and is synthesised from it by acetylation. The white, odourless, bitter crystalline form is commonly the hydrochloride salt, diacetylmorphine hydrochloride. It has a high addiction potential.

A cannabinoid is one of a class of diverse chemical compounds that acts on cannabinoid receptors in cells that alter neurotransmitter release in the brain.

Marijuana, hashish, charas and ganga contain chemicals called cannabinoids. They are generally, taken as inhalation or oral ingestion to effects cardiovascular system of the body.

Hallucination is a condition in which a person feels pleasure in spite of stress and other mental problems. In this condition, central nervous systems get influenced and reduce the thinking capacity. Datura, Atropa baladona and erythroxylum coca, all cause hallucination.

Amphetamines is kind of drug which is used as stimulant. It is a strong CNS stimulant that is used in the treatment of ADHD. Lysergic acid dimethyl amide is not a narcotic and heroin is not a psychotropic agent.

When a person suddenly stops taking alcohol or drug than he may develop deficiency syndrome called visual syndrome in person accommodating power decrease suddenly. Cry-du-chat syndrome is a genetic disease.

Adolescence is a bridge linking childhood and adulthood. It is accompanied by several biological and behavioral changes. Thus, it is a very vulnerable phase of mental and psychological development.

Curiosity, need for adventure and excitement and experimentation constitute common causes, which motivate youngsters towards drug and alcohol use.