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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test - 15

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Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Test - 15
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  • Question 1
    1 / -0
    In plant breeding programmes, the entire collection (of plants/seeds) having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called
    Solution
    Germplasm refers to the hereditary material transmitted to the offspring through the germ cells. It is the total content of genes. It serves as the raw material for the breeder to develop different crops. The main objective of germplasm collection is the preservation of genetic diversity of a particular plant or genetic stock for its use in the future.
    Thus, the correct answer is option D.
  • Question 2
    1 / -0
    The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as ____.
    Solution
    • Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a gram-positive bacterium that produces crystals during sporulation. 
    • These crystals consist of pro-toxins called crystal proteins which are highly specific insecticides. 
    • Once ingested by the host insect, these crystals dissolve in the alkaline conditions of the gut, thereby activating the pro-toxins. 
    • The active toxins then binds to receptors on midgut epithelial cells. This binding will create pores in the midgut's wall, causing cell death through osmotic lysis finally killing the insect. 

    Thus the correct answer is option C. 
  • Question 3
    1 / -0
    Read the following four statements (A-D).

    (A) Colostrum is recommended for the newborn, because it is rich in antigen.
    (B) Chikungunya is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium.
    (C) Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus-free plants.
    (D) Beer is manufactured by the distillation of fermented grape juice.

    How many of the above statements are wrong?
    Solution
    • Colostrum is a milky fluid that comes from the breasts of mammals the first few days after giving birth before true milk comes and is rich in proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, and antibodies (not antigens). So, statement A is incorrect.
    • Chikungunya is caused by the chikungunya virus (not bacteria). So, statement B is incorrect.
    • Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus-free plants. This is correct.
    Beer is produced by the saccharification of starch and fermentation of the resulting sugar. So, statement D is incorrect.

    Thus, the number of incorrect statements are 3. Hence, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 4
    1 / -0
    A true breeding plant is 
    Solution
    • A plant having either dominant or recessive allele of a gene is said to be pure breeding or homozygous for that gene or trait. 
    • Due to the presence of both the same type of allele, pure-breeding plants produce progeny of their own kind. 
    • A cross-pollination of two pure unrelated plants produces heterozygous plants having one dominant and one recessive allele for a gene. 
    • Pure or True breeding plants are obtained by self-pollination only.  

    Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
  • Question 5
    1 / -0
    Consider the following four statements (a-d) and select the option which includes all the correct ones only.
    (a) Single cell Spirulina can produce large quantities food rich in protein, minerals, vitamins etc.
    (b) Body weight-wise the microorganisms Methylophilus methylotrophus may be able to produce several times more proteins, than the cow per day.
    (c) Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of vitamin C.
    (d) A rice variety has been developed, which is very rich in Calcium.
    Solution
    Spirulina is a cyanobacterium, that can be consumed by humans and other animals. It is used as a dietary supplement as well as a whole food and is rich in proteins, vitamins, minerals etc.
    It has been calculated that a 250 kg cow produces 200 g of protein per day. In the same period, 250 gm of a micro-organism like Methylophilus, methylotrophus, because of its high rate of biomass production and growth, can be expected to produce 25 tonnes of proteins.
    Common button mushrooms are a very rich source of B-vitamins (not vitamin C).
    Rice is rich in starch (carbohydrates).
    Thus, the correct answer is option C.
  • Question 6
    1 / -0
    Pure line breed refers to 
    Solution
    Pure line breed refers to a group of identical individuals that always produce offspring of the same phenotype when intercrossed. This occurs only when they are homozygous. It is the type of breeding in which both the mating breeds are of pure lines, i.e., generations of homozygous individuals, which produce offsprings of only one type i.e., they breed true for their genotype and phenotype. Thus, the correct answer is option B.
  • Question 7
    1 / -0
    Which of the following is best method of germplasm conservation?
    Solution
    Endangered plants may be preserved in part through seed bank or germplasm bank. The term seed bank sometimes refers to a cryogenic laboratory facility in which the seeds of certain species can be preserved for up to a century or more without losing their fertility. It can also be used to refer to a special type of arboretum where seeds are harvested and the crop is rotated. For plants that cannot be preserved in seed banks, the only option for preserving germplasm is in vitro storage, where cuttings of plants are kept under strict conditions in glass tubes and vessels.
  • Question 8
    1 / -0
    The hormone injected to cows for excessive milk production is 
    Solution
    Oxytocin helps in lactation in cattle. The breeds of cattle that are reared for milk production on a commercial scale are injected with the hormone oxytocin to secrete more milk. This hormone causes contraction of the mammary glands and also allows ejection of milk.

    So, the correct answer is 'Oxytocin'
  • Question 9
    1 / -0
    Wax is obtained from 
    Solution
    Apiculture or beekeeping is the method of management and study of the honey bee. Apiculture is a way by which honey bees are reared and managed for the production of honey, bee wax and propolis.  Hence, option A is correct.
  • Question 10
    1 / -0
    Mule is the interspecific breed of
    Solution
    Interspecific breeding occurs between genetically dissimilar parents of different species. A mule is the offspring of a male donkey and a female horse. The organism is sterile in nature and not capable of exchanging the genes or interbreeding with each other.
    Thus, the correct answer is option B.
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